# Research Articles by Furkan Gözükara
A curated collection of research articles and theses by **Furkan Gözükara** and collaborators, spanning **2012-2026**.
- Furkan Gözükara on X : https://x.com/FurkanGozukara
- Furkan Gözükara on Google Scholar : https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=list_works&hl=en&hl=en&user=_2_KAUsAAAAJ
- Furkan Gözükara on LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/furkangozukara/
- Furkan Gözükara on YouTube : https://www.youtube.com/SECourses
- Furkan Gözükara on Medium : https://medium.com/@furkangozukara
## At a Glance
- **12 works** across journal articles, an MSc thesis, and a PhD thesis
- **2 conference collections** with event-specific folders for papers, proceedings, certificates, programs, and participant records
- Core themes: **product search**, **record linkage**, **focused web crawling**, **sentiment analysis**, **computer vision**, **cyber forensics**, and **human-computer interaction**
- Includes both **method papers** and **full-system theses** that connect crawling, normalization, matching, ranking, and evaluation
## Research Themes
- E-commerce search, comparison shopping, and product intelligence
- Product identity clustering, record linkage, and noisy-data normalization
- Focused web crawling and large-scale data extraction
- Sentiment analysis for Turkish and English text
- Object detection, bounding-box localization, and precision agriculture
- Cyber forensics and evidentiary risk analysis
- Air-writing recognition and human-computer interaction
## Quick Index
| Year | Title | PDF | Type | Venue / Source | Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | [Directional Alignment Penalty: A Lightweight Localization Loss for Improved Bounding Box Regression in YOLOv8](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Directional_Alignment_Penalty_A_Lightweight_Localization_Loss_For_Improved_Bounding_Box_Regression_In_YOLOv8.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Directional_Alignment_Penalty_A_Lightweight_Localization_Loss_For_Improved_Bounding_Box_Regression_In_YOLOv8.pdf) | Journal article | Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 16, Article 8286 | YOLOv8 localization, precision agriculture |
| 2026 | [Implementation of Modified Effective Butterfly Optimizer in Solving Multi-Objective Pareto Optimal Power Flow Problem with Renewable Uncertainties](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Implementation_of_Modified_Effective_Butterfly_Optimizer_in_Solving_Multi-Objective_Pareto_Optimal_Power_Flow_Problem.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Implementation_of_Modified_Effective_Butterfly_Optimizer_in_Solving_Multi-Objective_Pareto_Optimal_Power_Flow_Problem.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RPojRzwu3LdETMZjJdMNrSId9UU2cjRk/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | Biomimetics, Vol. 11, No. 6, Article 418 | Multi-objective optimal power flow, Pareto optimization |
| 2025 | [Letter and Person Recognition in Freeform Air-Writing Using Machine Learning Algorithms](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Letter_and_Person_Recognition_in_Freeform_Air-Writing_Using_Machine_Learning_Algorithms.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Letter_and_Person_Recognition_in_Freeform_Air-Writing_Using_Machine_Learning_Algorithms.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Xj57ukYg599x5oyq9ObyY458GwpXUs5R/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | IEEE Access, Vol. 13 | Air-writing, person recognition |
| 2021 | [An Incremental Hierarchical Clustering Based System For Record Linkage In E-Commerce Domain](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/An_Incremental_Hierarchical_Clustering_Based_System_For_Record_Linkage_In_E-Commerce_Domain.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/An_Incremental_Hierarchical_Clustering_Based_System_For_Record_Linkage_In_E-Commerce_Domain.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oHW5boL9FLtpL4QYkuzfVXxLYzHGYA7Q/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | The Computer Journal *(uploaded PDF is an advance-article version)* | Record linkage, product matching |
| 2021 | [Challenges and Possible Severe Legal Consequences of Application Users Identification from CNG-Logs](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Challenges_And_Possible_Severe_Legal_Consequences_Of_Application_Users_Identification_From_Cng-Logs.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Challenges_And_Possible_Severe_Legal_Consequences_Of_Application_Users_Identification_From_Cng-Logs.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PsAUFhS8nvJz0FF6MmZHbXg8OWGIzDPT/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, Vol. 39 | CGNAT / cyber forensics |
| 2017 | [Efficient Feature Selection for Product Labeling over Unstructured Data](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Efficient_Feature_Selection_For_Product_Labeling_Over_Unstructured_Data.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Efficient_Feature_Selection_For_Product_Labeling_Over_Unstructured_Data.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/10I2yWu2J7M-f5MM6PQtecUpGucKDOEJL/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | IJACSA, Vol. 8, No. 7 | Feature selection, clustering |
| 2017 | [Focused Web Crawler Development Challenges: ECCrawler](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Focused_Web_Crawler_Development_Challenges_Eccrawler.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Focused_Web_Crawler_Development_Challenges_Eccrawler.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/11puHX-mtKL5UQjAnLJf7C04IE6uADfyl/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1 | Focused crawling, systems engineering |
| 2016 | [An Experimental Investigation of Document Vector Computation Methods for Sentiment Analysis of Turkish and English Reviews](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/An_Experimental_Investigation_Of_Document_Vector_Computation_Methods_For_Sentiment_Analysis_Of_Turkish_And_English_Reviews.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/An_Experimental_Investigation_Of_Document_Vector_Computation_Methods_For_Sentiment_Analysis_Of_Turkish_And_English_Reviews.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Av0DHK7uS91_H7jayILcjUTk8Z31on3B/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 31, No. 2 | Sentiment analysis |
| 2016 | [A Product Search Engine Supporting "Best Product" Queries](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/conferences/2016-IMSEC/2016-IMSEC-Full-Paper-A-Product-Search-Engine-Supporting-Best-Product-Queries.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2016-IMSEC/2016-IMSEC-Full-Paper-A-Product-Search-Engine-Supporting-Best-Product-Queries.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HZs_v3san-3in88UKmAnk5Tw0wbhTscS/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 31, Special Issue 2 | Product ranking, query processing |
| 2016 | [Product Search Engine Using Product Name Recognition and Sentiment Analysis](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Product_Search_Engine_Using_Product_Name_Recognition_And_Sentiment_Analysis.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Product_Search_Engine_Using_Product_Name_Recognition_And_Sentiment_Analysis.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kG_gtDorOqIcoIiRFpfdJjJu7a4C0bNG/view?usp=sharing) | PhD thesis | Çukurova University | Full product-search-engine architecture |
| 2015 | [New Metrics for Clustering of Identical Products over Imperfect Data](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/New_Metrics_For_Clustering_Of_Identical_Products_Over_Imperfect_Data.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/New_Metrics_For_Clustering_Of_Identical_Products_Over_Imperfect_Data.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MnoWnxfXmYJ8NGlDeTnaqaYXRkILT2b8/view?usp=sharing) | Journal article | Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 4 | Similarity metrics, evaluation |
| 2012 | [Fiyat Karşılaştırmalı Ürün Arama Motoru Geliştirme](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/blob/main/Fiyat_Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1la%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn_Arama_Motoru_Geli%C5%9Ftirme.pdf) | [PDF](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Fiyat_Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1la%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn_Arama_Motoru_Geli%C5%9Ftirme.pdf) / [Drive](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Uak3KlszCMnenCmSkhVg40x12EuFk9qc/view?usp=sharing) | MSc thesis | Mersin University | Price-comparison search engine |
## Conference Materials
Conference records are grouped by event so related papers, proceedings, certificates, programs, and participant records stay together.
### 2026 - 26th International Istanbul Scientific Research Congress
**Event:** 26th International Istanbul Scientific Research Congress on Life, Engineering, Architecture, and Mathematical Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye, August 18-20, 2026
**Presented work:** *Evaluating Machine Learning Algorithms for Forecasting Residential Property Prices in Bishkek*, by Bektur Omurkan and Furkan Gözükara
**Scheduled presentation:** August 19, 2026, 11:45-12:00, Session 1, Hall 2
- [Participation certificate](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2026-Istanbul-Congress/2026-Istanbul-Congress-Certificate-Furkan-Gozukara-Property-Price-Forecasting.pdf)
- [Session program](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2026-Istanbul-Congress/2026-Istanbul-Congress-Session-Program.pdf)
- [Opening program](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2026-Istanbul-Congress/2026-Istanbul-Congress-Opening-Program.pdf)
- [Türkiye participant list](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2026-Istanbul-Congress/2026-Istanbul-Congress-Turkiye-Participants.xlsx)
### 2016 - 1st International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress (IMSEC)
**Event:** IMSEC 2016, Çukurova University Congress Center, Adana, Türkiye, October 26-28, 2016
**Presented work:** *A Product Search Engine Supporting "Best Product" Queries*, by Furkan Gözükara and Selma Ayşe Özel
**Proceedings location:** Printed page 3704, paper ID 1035 (PDF page 3769)
- [Full paper](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2016-IMSEC/2016-IMSEC-Full-Paper-A-Product-Search-Engine-Supporting-Best-Product-Queries.pdf)
- [Proceedings book](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2016-IMSEC/2016-IMSEC-Proceedings-Book.pdf)
- [Participation certificate](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2016-IMSEC/2016-IMSEC-Certificate-Furkan-Gozukara-Best-Product-Queries.jpg)
## Detailed Timeline
### 2026 - [Directional Alignment Penalty: A Lightweight Localization Loss for Improved Bounding Box Regression in YOLOv8](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Directional_Alignment_Penalty_A_Lightweight_Localization_Loss_For_Improved_Bounding_Box_Regression_In_YOLOv8.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** Applied Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 16, Article 8286
**DOI:** [10.3390/app16168286](https://doi.org/10.3390/app16168286)
**Focus:** Object detection, YOLOv8, bounding-box regression, precision agriculture
This paper introduces the **Directional Alignment Penalty (DAP)**, a lightweight and independently weighted center-displacement regularizer for YOLOv8 bounding-box regression. Evaluated on an oyster-mushroom dataset collected in a smart greenhouse, DAP-YOLOv8 improves **mAP@0.5:0.95 from 51.69% to 53.76%** while preserving precision, recall, and the computational efficiency of the base detector.
### 2026 - [Implementation of Modified Effective Butterfly Optimizer in Solving Multi-Objective Pareto Optimal Power Flow Problem with Renewable Uncertainties](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Implementation_of_Modified_Effective_Butterfly_Optimizer_in_Solving_Multi-Objective_Pareto_Optimal_Power_Flow_Problem.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** Biomimetics, Vol. 11, No. 6, Article 418
**Focus:** Multi-objective optimal power flow, Pareto optimization, renewable uncertainty
This paper adapts the **Modified Effective Butterfly Optimizer (MEBO)** to solve **multi-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF)** problems with renewable uncertainties. It uses optimized weighting, multiple Pareto archives, and compromise-solution metrics, evaluates the method on **IEEE 30- and 57-bus systems**, and reports strong results for objective combinations such as **cost-loss**, **cost-voltage**, **cost-emission**, and **emission-loss**.
### 2025 - [Letter and Person Recognition in Freeform Air-Writing Using Machine Learning Algorithms](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Letter_and_Person_Recognition_in_Freeform_Air-Writing_Using_Machine_Learning_Algorithms.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** IEEE Access, Vol. 13
**Focus:** Air-writing, letter recognition, person recognition, IMU-based interaction
This paper introduces a wearable-glove pipeline for **freeform air-writing analysis** that jointly models **letter recognition** and **writer recognition**. It uses IMU signals, Fourier and wavelet feature extraction, and multiple machine-learning baselines, while also contributing a **public Turkish alphabet air-writing dataset**. The study reports that **SubSpace KNN** performs best under the tested settings.
### 2021 - [An Incremental Hierarchical Clustering Based System For Record Linkage In E-Commerce Domain](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/An_Incremental_Hierarchical_Clustering_Based_System_For_Record_Linkage_In_E-Commerce_Domain.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** The Computer Journal *(the uploaded PDF is an advance-article version dated 2021 rather than a later issue-formatted PDF)*
**Focus:** Record linkage, incremental clustering, product-title matching
This work presents a **dynamic / incremental Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC)** system for grouping identical products crawled from different e-commerce websites. The method uses **bag-of-words title representations**, **domain-specific matching / filtering**, and **ELKI-based evaluation**, and reports **96.25% F-measure** on the experimental setup. The paper also emphasizes **dataset release** and evaluation reproducibility.
### 2021 - [Challenges and Possible Severe Legal Consequences of Application Users Identification from CNG-Logs](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Challenges_And_Possible_Severe_Legal_Consequences_Of_Application_Users_Identification_From_Cng-Logs.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, Vol. 39
**Focus:** CGNAT, reverse tracking, cyber forensics, evidentiary risk
This paper studies how **carrier-grade NAT / CGNAT logs** can be misused in reverse-tracking workflows and how such misuse can lead to **false attribution** in criminal investigations. Using the **ByLock** case context in Turkey and a comparison with **EncroChat**, it analyzes the technical and legal consequences of flawed identification pipelines.
### 2017 - [Efficient Feature Selection for Product Labeling over Unstructured Data](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Efficient_Feature_Selection_For_Product_Labeling_Over_Unstructured_Data.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol. 8, No. 7
**Focus:** Feature selection, product labeling, clustering under unstructured data
This study proposes a **feature-selection algorithm** for labeling identical products collected from noisy, heterogeneous web sources. The paper frames product labeling as a **clustering problem over unstructured feature vectors** and shows that the proposed method improves clustering quality compared with baseline approaches.
### 2017 - [Focused Web Crawler Development Challenges: ECCrawler](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Focused_Web_Crawler_Development_Challenges_Eccrawler.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1
**Focus:** Focused crawling, multithreading, .NET systems engineering
This paper documents the engineering of **EcCrawler**, a hand-crafted focused crawler for e-commerce websites built with **C#**, **.NET 4.5**, and **MS-SQL Server 2014**. It focuses on practical implementation topics such as **threading**, **exception handling**, **HTTP compression**, **duplicate handling**, and **database communication**, and reports **over 400% crawling-speed improvement** and **over 100% UI-responsiveness improvement** from the proposed optimizations.
### 2016 - [An Experimental Investigation of Document Vector Computation Methods for Sentiment Analysis of Turkish and English Reviews](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/An_Experimental_Investigation_Of_Document_Vector_Computation_Methods_For_Sentiment_Analysis_Of_Turkish_And_English_Reviews.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 31, No. 2
**Focus:** Sentiment analysis, vectorization, feature selection, Turkish and English reviews
This article compares **document-vector construction choices** for sentiment analysis, including **TF / TF-IDF variants**, **tokenization**, **feature selection**, **preprocessing**, and **vector normalization** under an **SVM** classifier. On the collected Turkish product-reviews dataset, it reports a best result of **91.33% accuracy**.
### 2016 - [A Product Search Engine Supporting "Best Product" Queries](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/conferences/2016-IMSEC/2016-IMSEC-Full-Paper-A-Product-Search-Engine-Supporting-Best-Product-Queries.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 31, Special Issue 2
**Focus:** Product ranking, comparison shopping, query processing
This work presents a product-search-engine system that supports **"find the best products for a given category"** queries. The system integrates a **focused crawler**, **record linkage**, **sentiment analysis**, and a **query engine**, and reports **96.25% F-measure** in record linkage together with **100% precision** in the evaluated most-related-products search setting.
### 2016 - [Product Search Engine Using Product Name Recognition and Sentiment Analysis](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Product_Search_Engine_Using_Product_Name_Recognition_And_Sentiment_Analysis.pdf)
**Type:** PhD thesis
**Institution:** Çukurova University, Department of Computer Engineering
**Focus:** End-to-end product search engine architecture
This dissertation brings the main threads of the repository together into a **full product search engine**: focused crawling, product-name matching / record linkage, sentiment analysis, and a user-facing search system. The abstract reports **472% crawler performance boost**, **91.08% sentiment-analysis accuracy**, **96.25% F-measure** for record linkage, and **100% precision** for most-related-products search in the thesis setup.
### 2015 - [New Metrics for Clustering of Identical Products over Imperfect Data](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/New_Metrics_For_Clustering_Of_Identical_Products_Over_Imperfect_Data.pdf)
**Type:** Journal article
**Venue:** Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 4
**Focus:** Similarity metrics, performance metrics, imperfect web-crawled product data
This paper formalizes **product identity-clustering** for web-crawled commercial products described by noisy, incomplete, and structurally inconsistent data. It proposes **new similarity metrics** and **new evaluation metrics** for this setting and shows that legacy measures such as Euclidean and cosine similarity are weaker on the tested product-clustering problem.
### 2012 - [Fiyat Karşılaştırmalı Ürün Arama Motoru Geliştirme](https://huggingface.co/MonsterMMORPG/ResearchArticles/resolve/main/Fiyat_Kar%C5%9F%C4%B1la%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmal%C4%B1_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCn_Arama_Motoru_Geli%C5%9Ftirme.pdf)
**Type:** MSc thesis
**Institution:** Mersin University, Department of Computer Engineering
**Focus:** Price-comparison search, normalization, feature extraction, clustering
This master's thesis lays the early foundation for a **price-comparison product search engine**. It covers **focused collection of product data**, **noise removal / normalization**, **feature-vector extraction**, and **clustering of identical products** across sources, and it also includes an English abstract under the title **"Developing Product Price Comparison Search Engine."**