type stringclasses 1 value | question stringlengths 13 210 | answer stringlengths 5 521 | golden_answers listlengths 1 22 | ideal_answer stringlengths 9 22.1k | documents listlengths 1 133 | snippets listlengths 0 125 | asq_challenge int64 5 13 | folder_name stringclasses 6 values | concepts listlengths 0 23 ⌀ | triples listlengths 0 4.35k ⌀ | id stringlengths 24 24 | __index_level_0__ int64 6 5.4k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | How many genes are imprinted in the human genome? | [[' fewer than 100']] | [
"fewer than 100",
"less than 100",
"under 100",
"below 100"
] | ['Approximately 150 imprinted genes are known to date, in humans and mice but, though computational searches have tried to extract intrinsic characteristics of these genes to identify new ones, the existing list is probably far from being comprehensive. To date, fewer than 100 imprinted genes have been identified in the human genome.', 'Among approximately 70 known imprinted genes are some causing disorders affecting growth, metabolism and cancer predisposition. ', 'Among approximately 70 known imprinted genes are some causing disorders affecting growth, metabolism and cancer predisposition. ', 'Among approximately 70 known imprinted genes are some causing disorders affecting growth, metabolism and cancer predisposition. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24501229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23083219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22894909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17653590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11932239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17955261",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24501229",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 203,
"offsetInEndSection": 331,
"text": "Among approximately 70 known imprinted genes are some causing disorders affecting growth, metabolism and cancer ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015894",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] | [] | 57090c33cf1c325851000013 | 344 |
factoid | In which cells are A-type lamins expressed? | [['late differentiating primary cells']] | [
"late differentiating primary cells",
"late-stage primary cells",
"mature primary cells",
"differentiated primary cells",
"terminally differentiated primary cells"
] | ['Early embryonic cells and stem cells of mammals generally possess only lamin B while lamins A and C appear later during differentiation. Northern analysis and immunoblotting demonstrated that lamin A/C mRNA and protein were not detectable in some human cell lines whereas lamin B1 was always present. Hemopoietic cells from blood and bone marrow of mammals usually do not express lamins A/C but only lamin B, and this feature distinguishes these cells from the vast majority of somatic cells of the adult animal, which reveal lamins A/C as well as lamin B.', 'In the rat brain, lamin A and C are expressed in relatively equal amounts, while the expressions of lamin B1 and B2 vary depending on the cell type. Human cells with reduced expression of the major B-type lamin protein, lamin B1, were generated using RNA interference. In addition, horizontal cells and a subpopulation of retinal ganglion cells expressed lamin A and C, while photoreceptor cells expressed neither lamin A nor C, and all other retinal neurons expressed lamin C only. Parallel in vivo experiments showed that treatment with thioglycollate caused the percentage of lamin A/C-positive peritoneal macrophages to increase from 5 to 80% between Days 0 and 6.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21842415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20568006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9367621",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7781761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2404771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2209722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2209722",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 676,
"offsetInEndSection": 845,
"text": "Antibodies specific for mouse A/C lamins, human A/C lamins, or B lamins have been used to define the lamin comple... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D034904",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D034882",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002477"
] | [] | 56ed27202ac5ed145900000c | 347 |
factoid | Gene silencing can be achieved by RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. What is the name of the analogous process in prokaryotic organisms? | ['CRISPR-Cas'] | [
"CRISPR-Cas",
"CRISPR-Cas9",
"Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9",
"CRISPR associated protein 9",
"CRISPR-associated system",
"CRISPR-Cas system"
] | ['Bacteria have developed several defense mechanisms against bacteriophages over evolutionary time, but the concept of prokaryotic RNA interference mediated defense mechanism against phages and other invading genetic elements has emerged only recently. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) together with closely associated genes (cas genes) constitute the CASS system that is believed to provide a RNAi-like defense mechanism against bacteriophages within the host bacterium.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23439366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21441598",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19945378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20109154",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19706170",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23439366",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": "he CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR-associated genes) is an adapt... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0016246",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=1900370",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=1900368",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011387",... | null | 5157539ed24251bc0500008a | 349 |
factoid | How is connected "isolated Non-compaction cardiomyopathy" with dilated cardiomyopathy? | ['via mutations in beta-MHC and alpha-TPM1'] | [
"beta-myosin heavy chain",
"beta-MHC",
"alpha-tropomyosin 1",
"alpha-TPM1",
"alpha-tropomyosin",
"TPM1"
] | Mutations in cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain and alpha-tropomyosin link isolated Non-compaction cardiomyopathy with dilated cardiomyopathy | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23147248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17947214"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23147248",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "A novel alpha-tropomyosin mutation associates with dilated and non-compaction cardiomyopathy and diminishes actin bindin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002311",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056830"
] | [] | 530cf4e0c8a0b4a00c000002 | 354 |
factoid | Which is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes? | ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy'] | [
"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy",
"HCM",
"idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis",
"asymmetric septal hypertrophy",
"hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy",
"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction"
] | the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23681420",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22846097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21160605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962423",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20559995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18384577",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23681420",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1077,
"offsetInEndSection": 1216,
"text": "The most common cause of death was hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (30 %), followed by coronary artery anomalies (... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016757",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002423",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056352"
] | [] | 530cf4e0c8a0b4a00c000006 | 357 |
factoid | What is the rate of survival after commotio cordis? | ['10-28%'] | [
"10-28%",
"10 to 28 percent",
"ten to twenty-eight percent",
"10-28 percent"
] | Survival rates for commotio cordis are low, even when resuscitation is performed. Survival rates vary between 10% and 28%. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11879111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11555799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20086611"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107651",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 592,
"offsetInEndSection": 779,
"text": "At their commotio cordis event, 216 study patients were 0.2-51 years old (mean age 15±9 years); 95% were males. ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056104",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013534"
] | [] | 530cf4e0c8a0b4a00c000007 | 359 |
factoid | Which gene is involved in Giant Axonal Neuropathy? | [['GAN gene']] | [
"GAN gene",
"Giant axonal neuropathy gene",
"GAN"
] | ['Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene, resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin.', 'Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin', 'Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin', 'Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin', 'Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin', 'Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the GAN gene resulting in a loss of a ubiquitously expressed protein, gigaxonin'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24211141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23890932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24947478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12398836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398950",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 195,
"text": "Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations i... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 572096c90fd6f91b6800000e | 362 |
factoid | How many TAp73 isoforms have been identified in humans? | ['seven', '7'] | [
"seven",
"7"
] | ["The TP73 gene, due to the presence of two promoters (P1 and P2) in its 5' flanking region, encodes a fully transcriptionally active domain (TAp73) and the amino terminus deleted (ΔNp73). TAp73 possesses pro-apoptotic properties, while deltaNp73 has anti-apoptotic functions. Alternative 3'-end splicing results in generation of at least seven TAp73 distinctive isoforms ( α, β, γ, etc ).", "The Trp73 gene belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors and, like the other members, is transcribed into different isoforms [1-4]. TP73 gene contains two promoters, encoding the transcriptional domain-containing (TAp73) and the amino deleted (DNp73) isoforms [5, 6]. Furthermore alternative splicing at the 3'-end (to generate a, b, g, etc isoforms) and 5'-end (to generate D2, D3 and D2-3 isoforms) results in generation of at least 14 different transcripts, with different abilities to promote or repress apoptosis [7, 8]. (PMID: 22388545)"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22388545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20615966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256531",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 162,
"text": "A member of the p53 family, p73, has several isoforms and differentially regulates transcription of genes invo... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020033"
] | null | 5173bdb38ed59a060a000020 | 366 |
factoid | Which is the subcellular localization of ERAP2? | ['luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum'] | [
"luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum",
"lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum",
"endoplasmic reticulum lumen",
"lumen of ER",
"luminal ER"
] | Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) is localized to the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23988446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16054015"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23946506",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "The human endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP) 1 and 2 proteins "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERAP2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERAP2_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ERAP2_BOVIN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0008104",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051179",
"http://amigo.ge... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_41365150543700A",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/encodedBy",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/A6QPT7"
},
{
"o": "Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/re... | 53442ca9aeec6fbd0700000b | 370 |
factoid | At which kind of individuals is pharmacological treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism effective in reducing cardiovascular events? | ['effective in younger individuals'] | [
"effective in younger individuals",
"effective in youth",
"effective in younger populations",
"effective in younger age groups",
"effective for younger people"
] | Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with fewer cardiovascular events in younger individuals, but this issue has not been resolved yet in elderly people. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19114542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17544610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559085",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1447,
"offsetInEndSection": 2119,
"text": "sHT in older people should be not regarded as a unique condition, and moderately old patients (aged <70-75 y) ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007037",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002318"
] | [] | 52efbfccc8da898910000018 | 381 |
factoid | Which deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome? | ['iron'] | [
"iron",
"ferrous",
"ferric",
"Fe",
"element 26",
"iron metal"
] | It has been well-documented that iron deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome. Magnesium and ferritin were also associated with restless leg syndrome. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22486183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21358851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21211209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20814842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20598107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940258",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 438,
"offsetInEndSection": 775,
"text": "We describe a unique case of a 23-yr-old female patient affected by a homozygous loss of function mutation in th... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012148",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003677",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050425"
] | [] | 530cefaaad0bf1360c000012 | 390 |
factoid | What histone modification is recognized by the bromodomain? | ['Acetylated lysines'] | [
"Acetylated lysines",
"Acetylated lysine residues",
"Acetylated lysine",
"Lysine acetylation",
"Acetyl-lysine",
"Acetylated amino acids"
] | Acetylated lysines in histones (generally H3 and H4) | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21851057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596426",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21271695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21189220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17049045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 280,
"offsetInEndSection": 361,
"text": "acetyllysine-specific protein-protein interaction with bromodomain reader modules"
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006657",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016570",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016573"
] | [] | 53398855d6d3ac6a3400005b | 391 |
factoid | How many periods of regulatory innovation led to the evolution of vertebrates? | [['Three']] | [
"Three"
] | ['Investigators proposed that there have been three extended periods in the evolution of gene regulatory elements. Early vertebrate evolution was characterized by regulatory gains near transcription factors and developmental genes, but this trend was replaced by innovations near extracellular signaling genes, and then innovations near posttranslational protein modifiers.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852499"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852499",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 67,
"text": "Three periods of regulatory innovation during vertebrate evolution."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docume... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014714",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005075"
] | [] | 56d1da3b67f0cb3d66000006 | 395 |
factoid | Which hormone abnormalities are common in Williams syndrome ? | ['thyroid'] | [
"thyroid",
"thyroid gland",
"thyroid hormone",
"thyroid tissue",
"thyroid organ"
] | Thyroid hormone abnormalities are common in Williams syndrome. Oxytocin and vasopressin, cortisol, growth hormone and calcitonin were also implicated in the Williams syndrome. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22719898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20425788",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734615",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 302,
"offsetInEndSection": 768,
"text": "WS and TD participants had similar profiles in a familiar setting, while participants with WS had elevated corti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018980",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006728",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1928"
] | [] | 530cefaaad0bf1360c00000d | 409 |
factoid | Which is the protein encoded by the human gene GRIK? | [['glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate']] | [
"glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate",
"kainate receptor",
"kainate-type glutamate receptor",
"GluK receptor",
"ionotropic glutamate receptor 6",
"ionotropic glutamate receptor 7",
"GluR6",
"GluR7"
] | ['Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic Kainate'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24449200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291662"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24449200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 331,
"offsetInEndSection": 377,
"text": "GRIK = glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http:/... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56f6d11c09dd18d46b00000f | 414 |
factoid | Which residue of alpha-synuclein was found to be phosphorylated in Lewy bodies? | [['Serine 129']] | [
"Serine 129",
"Serine-129",
"S129",
"Ser-129"
] | ['Alpha-synuclein is phosphorylated at serine 129 (Ser129) in intracellular protein aggregates called Lewy bodies, which are characteristic pathologic lesions of Parkinson disease.', "Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson's disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodiesApproximately 90% of α-syn deposited in Lewy bodies is phosphorylated at serine 129 (Ser129). In contrast, only 4% or less of total α-syn is phosphorylated at this residue in the normal brain. This suggests that the accumulation of Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn leads to the formation of Lewy bodies and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease", "Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson's disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodiesApproximately 90% of α-syn deposited in Lewy bodies is phosphorylated at serine 129 (Ser129). In contrast, only 4% or less of total α-syn is phosphorylated at this residue in the normal brain. This suggests that the accumulation of Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn leads to the formation of Lewy bodies and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease", 'Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinsons disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies', 'Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson s disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies ', 'Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson s disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies ', 'Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson s disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies ', 'Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson s disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies ', 'Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson s disease patients where it mainly accumulates in the Lewy bodies '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23314528",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15834418",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11813001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22232559",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18562315"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23567651",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (S129) is highly elevated in Parkinson's disease patients where it ma... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_GORGO",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_ATEGE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_SERCA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_PANPA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA... | [] | 550c4011a103b78016000009 | 415 |
factoid | What molecule is targeted by brodalumab? | [['Interleukin-17']] | [
"Interleukin-17",
"IL-17",
"Interleukin 17",
"IL17",
"Interleukin-17A",
"IL-17A",
"Interleukin-17F",
"IL-17F"
] | ['Interleukin-17. Brodalumab is anti interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26422722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25713988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246805",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26422722",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 159,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Early clinical studies suggested that the anti-interleukin-17 receptor A monoclonal antibody brodaluma... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56bc9268ac7ad1001900001b | 426 |
factoid | How long, in kb (kilobases), is a "Long interspersed nuclear element"? | [['6-7 kb']] | [
"6-7 kb",
"6 to 7 kilobases",
"6-7 kilobases",
"6-7 kilobase pairs"
] | ['The retrotransposon known as long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1) is 6-7 kb long,'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11810275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21916613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21637438"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11810275",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 457,
"offsetInEndSection": 633,
"text": " A combination of molecular hybridization studies and long-range polymerase chain reaction was used to isolate a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020084",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020071",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004602"
] | [] | 54ff5197e9bde69634000001 | 427 |
factoid | Which is the gene mutated in type 1 neurofibromatosis? | ['NF1'] | [
"NF1",
"Neurofibromin 1",
"Neurofibromatosis type 1",
"NF1 gene",
"NF1 protein"
] | NF1 gene, encoding neurofibromin 1 | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23578956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21354044",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20442305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18196300",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17573495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17564507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23578956",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 190,
"offsetInEndSection": 238,
"text": "Individuals with NF1 harbor 1 mutated NF1 allele"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009456",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016514",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025542",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 5343fc1aaeec6fbd07000003 | 428 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of nemaline myopathy? | ['autosomal dominant', 'autosomal recessive'] | [
"autosomal dominant",
"autosomal recessive",
"AD",
"AR",
"dominant inheritance",
"recessive inheritance",
"autosomal inheritance"
] | ['Nemaline myopathy has a autosomal dominant or recessive mode of inheritance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17846275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15336686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2213842"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17846275",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 879,
"offsetInEndSection": 1010,
"text": "The results indicate that mutations in TPM2 may cause nemaline myopathy as well as cap disease with a domin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3191",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017696",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:423",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020914",
"http://w... | null | 516be1d6298dcd4e5100006a | 438 |
factoid | Which syndrome is NHE6 associated with? | [['Christianson syndrome']] | [
"Christianson syndrome",
"Christianson disease",
"Christianson syndrome with seizures",
"Christianson syndrome with intellectual disability"
] | ['Mutations in the solute carrier family 9, subfamily A member 6 (SLC9A6) gene, encoding the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) are associated with Christianson syndrome, a syndromic form of X-linked intellectual disability characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, autistic behavior, early onset seizures and ataxia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25044251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20949524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035762"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630051",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 158,
"text": "A novel mutation in the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE6 (SLC9A6) causes Christianson syndrome with electrical status epi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56d860ad51531f7e33000002 | 439 |
factoid | Why is lock mass used in Orbitrap measurements? | ['The lock mass is a compound of known mass and is used to compensate for drifts in instrument calibration.'] | [
"lock mass",
"lock mass compound",
"lock mass calibration",
"mass calibration compound",
"known mass compound"
] | The lock mass is a compound of known mass and is used to compensate for drifts in instrument calibration. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21953191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21133379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16478717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16249172"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22941912",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1060,
"offsetInEndSection": 1123,
"text": "Benzyldimethylphenylammonium was used as an internal lock mass."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013058"
] | [] | 530b01a6970c65fa6b000008 | 441 |
factoid | Which virus is Cidofovir (Vistide) indicated for? | ['cytomegalovirus'] | [
"cytomegalovirus",
"CMV",
"human cytomegalovirus",
"HCMV",
"cytomegalovirus (CMV)",
"cytomegalovirus (HCMV)"
] | Cidofovir is commonly used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19725597",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11772283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9814660"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19725597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 326,
"offsetInEndSection": 457,
"text": "Currently, there are four antivirals available that are active against CMV: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarn... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4261248",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4236374"
] | [
{
"o": "RXNORM",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10493715"
},
{
"o": "Cidofovir Injectable Solution",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10493715"... | 52bf1cad03868f1b0600000a | 442 |
factoid | Which translocation is the hallmark of Ewing sarcoma? | [['translocation t(11;22) (q24;12)']] | [
"translocation t(11;22) (q24;12)",
"t(11;22) translocation",
"translocation 11;22",
"t(11;22)(q24;q12)",
"11;22 translocation",
"t(11;22)(q24;12)"
] | ['The EWS/Fli-1 fusion gene, a product of the translocation t(11;22) (q24;12), is detected in 95% of Ewing sarcoma patients.', 'Tumours defined as Ewing sarcoma (ES) constitute a group of highly malignant neoplasms that most often affect children and young adults in the first 2 decades of life. The EWS/Fli-1 fusion gene, a product of the translocation t(11;22) (q24; 12), is detected in 95% of ES patients', 'The hallmark of Ewing s sarcoma (EWS) is a translocation--t(11;22)(q24;q12)--that most frequently results in the EWS/FLI1 aberrant chimeric gene ', 'The hallmark of Ewing s sarcoma (EWS) is a translocation--t(11;22)(q24;q12)--that most frequently results in the EWS/FLI1 aberrant chimeric gene ', 'The hallmark of Ewing s sarcoma (EWS) is a translocation--t(11;22)(q24;q12)--that most frequently results in the EWS/FLI1 aberrant chimeric gene ', 'The hallmark of Ewing s sarcoma (EWS) is a translocation--t(11;22)(q24;q12)--that most frequently results in the EWS/FLI1 aberrant chimeric gene ', 'The hallmark of Ewing s sarcoma (EWS) is a translocation--t(11;22)(q24;q12)--that most frequently results in the EWS/FLI1 aberrant chimeric gene '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24124617",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22742646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22240531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24124617",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 279,
"text": "Tumours defined as Ewing sarcoma (ES) constitute a group of highly malignant neoplasms that most often affect chil... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012512",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3368",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4980",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4232"
] | [] | 552faababc4f83e828000005 | 445 |
factoid | What is the effect of CRD-BP on the stability of c-myc mRNA? | [['To protect c-myc CRD from endonucleolytic attack.']] | [
"c-myc",
"MYC",
"c-Myc",
"c-Myc protein",
"c-Myc transcription factor",
"c-myc proto-oncogene"
] | ['The c-myc mRNA coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) has high affinity for the coding region determinant (CRD) of c-myc mRNA. Such affinity is believed to protect c-myc CRD from endonucleolytic attack.', 'The coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) binds in vitro to c-myc mRNA and is thought to stabilize the mRNA and increase c-Myc protein abundance ', 'The coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) binds in vitro to c-myc mRNA and is thought to stabilize the mRNA and increase c-Myc protein abundance ', 'The coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) binds in vitro to c-myc mRNA and is thought to stabilize the mRNA and increase c-Myc protein abundance ', 'The coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) binds in vitro to c-myc mRNA and is thought to stabilize the mRNA and increase c-Myc protein abundance ', 'The coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) binds in vitro to c-myc mRNA and is thought to stabilize the mRNA and increase c-Myc protein abundance '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17264115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778892",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12894594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12024010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11745432",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17264115",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "CRD-BP shields c-myc and MDR-1 RNA from endonucleolytic attack by a mammalian endoribonuclease"
},
{
"beginSectio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0070934",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0070937",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0048255",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0043488"
] | [] | 55390901bc4f83e828000014 | 448 |
factoid | What is the molecular function of psoralen photobinding on DNA? | [['It intercalates into the double helix.']] | [
"intercalating agent",
"intercalator",
"intercalating compound",
"DNA intercalator",
"double helix intercalator",
"intercalating dye",
"intercalating molecule",
"intercalating substance",
"intercalates into the double helix"
] | ['The interaction of two water-soluble furocoumarins, 8-(omega-diethyl aminopropyloxy)psoralen hydrochloride (I) and its 5-isomer (II), with DNA has been investigated by spectroscopic, equilibrium dialysis, hydrodynamic and chiroptical techniques. Both compounds intercalate into the polynucleotide double helix.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23416947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20685815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1432387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1445915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3273186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6504703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 310,
"text": "The interaction of two water-soluble furocoumarins, 8-(omega-diethyl aminopropyloxy)psoralen hydrochloride (I) and ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4272414",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004247",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4272414"
] | [] | 56c341acfedd0b786b000001 | 449 |
factoid | Against which protein is the antibody used for immonostaining of Lewy bodies raised? | ['alpha-Synuclein'] | [
"alpha-Synuclein",
"SNCA",
"non-A-beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid",
"NACP",
"synuclein alpha",
"alpha-synuclein protein",
"alpha-synuclein precursor",
"Parkinsonism associated protein"
] | alpha-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein, which was identified as a specific component of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites. Therefore, immunostaining for detecting the presence of Lewy bodies is carried out using antibodies against alpha-synuclein. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22370907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19272424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16691119",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15854770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12722831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12536227",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22370907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 117,
"text": "α-Synuclein is the major protein associated with Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrop... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016631",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010300",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020961",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 53189656b166e2b80600001c | 453 |
factoid | Which is the enzymatic activity of the myotubularin family of proteins? | [['lipid inositol phosphatase activity']] | [
"lipid inositol phosphatase activity",
"inositol lipid phosphatase activity",
"phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity",
"phosphoinositide phosphatase activity",
"phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-phosphate activity"
] | ['The myotubularin family of proteins are lipid inositol phosphatases'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23857703",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23114011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21510942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22578719",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23857703",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 518,
"offsetInEndSection": 554,
"text": "myotubularin family of phosphatases."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54d6562c3706e8952800000b | 456 |
factoid | What is the percentage of responders to tetrabenazine treatment for dystonia in children? | ['up to > 60%'] | [
"up to > 60%",
"greater than 60%",
"more than 60%",
"over 60%",
"exceeding 60%"
] | ['Tetrabenazine is used empirically in the treatment of dystonia in children with variable success. Observational studies report improvement of up to > 60% of the patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808991",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18555882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9040721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6502174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6128697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808991",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "report a patient with dystonia secondary to bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia"
},
{
"beginSection... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013747",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004421",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:543",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:544",
"http://ww... | null | 515ddda6298dcd4e5100001f | 458 |
factoid | Which disease can be treated with Delamanid? | [['tuberculosis']] | [
"tuberculosis",
"TB",
"consumption",
"phthisis",
"white plague",
"Koch's disease"
] | ['Delamanid is used in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25327169",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22670901"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26288734",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 189,
"offsetInEndSection": 362,
"text": "Recently approved anti-Tb drugs (bedaquiline and delamanid) have the potential to induce arrhythmia and are reco... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [
{
"o": "C516022",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A20909765"
},
{
"o": "D004194",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0049608"
}
] | 56bc7d71ac7ad10019000018 | 460 |
factoid | What is situs inversus? | [['Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly with a complete mirror image of the thoracic and abdominal organs.']] | [
"Situs inversus totalis",
"Situs inversus",
"total situs inversus",
"complete situs inversus",
"situs inversus totalis syndrome"
] | ['Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly with a complete mirror image of the thoracic and abdominal organs.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26155468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26155517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26087838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26043594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26336554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25527777",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26087838",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 237,
"text": "Situs inversus totalis is a relatively rare condition and is an autosomal recessive congenital defect in which an... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012857",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:758"
] | [] | 56d3346cf22319765a000008 | 463 |
factoid | What is the indication of Daonil (Glibenclamide)? | ['Diabetes mellitus'] | [
"Diabetes mellitus",
"Diabetes",
"DM",
"Sugar diabetes",
"Mellitus diabetes",
"Type 1 diabetes",
"Type 2 diabetes",
"Gestational diabetes"
] | Glibenclamide is an antidiabetic and antiglycemic, used in severe NIDDM, and increasingly viewed as a rational alternative to insulin therapy. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22639778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21608438",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16922811",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12460666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10199151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6805141"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22639778",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1096,
"offsetInEndSection": 1299,
"text": "Metformin and glibenclamide are now increasingly viewed as a rational alternative to insulin therapy--a treatm... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005905",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006305",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275786"
] | [] | 52b2e1d8f828ad283c00000c | 465 |
factoid | Which is the most typical peptide sequence responsible for retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal proteins from the Golgi apparatus? | [['the carboxyl-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL)']] | [
"the carboxyl-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL)",
"KDEL",
"KDEL sequence",
"KDEL motif",
"KDEL signal",
"KDEL peptide"
] | ['The lumenal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins carry a specific sorting signal which enables their retrieval from multiple post-ER compartments (up to the TGN along the exocytotic pathway), back to the ER. The most typical such signal is the carboxyl-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL), which is bound by a KDEL receptor in the Golgi apparatus, as well as in the intermediate compartment. Thus KDEL functions as a retrieval signal of lumenal ER proteins from Golgi to ER.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9442098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9118249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7798312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15170512",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10748089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9914159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9442098",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "Retention of soluble proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is dependent on their interaction with the KDEL (Lys-Asp... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005783",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005794",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005788",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006888",
"htt... | [] | 55411d9f379ddf3f47000001 | 466 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by a monoclonal antibody Mepolizumab? | [['interleukin-5']] | [
"interleukin-5",
"IL-5",
"B-cell stimulating factor",
"T-cell derived B-cell growth factor",
"T-cell growth factor",
"interleukin 5"
] | ['Mepolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inactivates interleukin-5 that has been shown to reduce asthma exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25199060",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25199059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24685200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24424174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24322486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25199060",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 258,
"offsetInEndSection": 438,
"text": "Mepolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to and inactivates interleukin-5, has been shown to redu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4002251"
] | [] | 54d907c84b1fd0d33c000008 | 471 |
factoid | Which is the major symptom of the Doose syndrome? | [['myoclonic astatic epilepsy']] | [
"myoclonic astatic epilepsy",
"myoclonic astatic epilepsy syndrome",
"MAE",
"myoclonic astatic seizures",
"myoclonic astatic epilepsy type 1",
"myoclonic astatic epilepsy type 2"
] | ['Myoclonic astatic epilepsy is the major symptom of the Doose syndrome, which is a difficult to treat idiopathic generalized epilepsy of early childhood.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23941843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23159713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22780699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22322415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23941843",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 816,
"offsetInEndSection": 1011,
"text": "KD is particularly effective in myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE; Doose Syndrome) and West syndrome with 100% an... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 550342a8f8aee20f27000002 | 472 |
factoid | Which eye condition is managed by the athens protocol? | [['Keratoconus', 'cornea blindness due to severe corneal scarring']] | [
"Keratoconus",
"conical cornea",
"keratoconus disease",
"keratoconus syndrome",
"corneal ectasia",
"corneal thinning",
"corneal deformation"
] | ['The athens protocol (transepithelial topography-guided PRK therapeutic remodeling, combined with same-day, collagen cross-linking) was developed for the management of cornea blindness due to severe corneal scarring.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22347790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25176050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21117539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24893359"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763473",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 146,
"text": "Keratoconus management: long-term stability of topography-guided normalization combined with high-fluence CXL stabilizat... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10428",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005123"
] | [] | 56bdc79bef6e394741000001 | 479 |
factoid | Is there a crystal structure of the full-length of the flaviviridae NS5(Methyltransferase - RNA depended RNA Polymerase) ? | ['Japanese encephalitis virus (Flaviviridae) NS5 - PDB:4K6M'] | [
"Japanese encephalitis virus (Flaviviridae) NS5",
"JEV NS5",
"Japanese encephalitis virus non-structural protein 5",
"NS5 protein of Japanese encephalitis virus",
"NS5 of JEV",
"NS5 protein (JEV)",
"Flavivirus NS5 protein"
] | Crystal Structure of the full-length Japanese encephalitis virus (Flaviviridae) NS5 - PDB:4K6M | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22757685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17287213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22365326"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23950717",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 3,
"offsetInEndSection": 456,
"text": " flavivirus NS5 harbors a methyltransferase (MTase) in its N-terminal ≈ 265 residues and an RNA-dependent RNA poly... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018067",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003460",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018178",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 532aad53d6d3ac6a34000010 | 485 |
factoid | Is Rheumatoid Arthritis more common in men or women? | ['Women'] | [
"Women",
"Female",
"Woman",
"Adult female",
"Females"
] | ['Disease patterns in RA vary between the sexes; the condition is more commonly seen in women, who exhibit a more aggressive disease and a poorer long-term outcome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22853635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21340496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20889597",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20810033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19158113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217568",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 591,
"offsetInEndSection": 678,
"text": "Our results show a high prevalence of RA in LAC women with a ratio of 5.2 women per man"
},
{
"begin... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7148",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001171",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012217",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... | null | 5118dd1305c10fae75000001 | 490 |
factoid | Which methyl-CpG-binding protein when mutant becomes the hallmark for Rett syndrome? | ['Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2)'] | [
"Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2)",
"Methyl-CpG binding protein 2",
"MECP2",
"Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2",
"Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 alpha",
"Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 beta"
] | Rett syndrome (RTT) was shown to be caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene, with molecular studies identifying MECP2 mutations in up to 80% of classic RTT patients. MECP2 protein was found to assist in the transcriptional silencing process via DNA methylation. We therefore hypothesize that disruption of this gene alters the normal developmental expression of various other genes, some of which must account for the peculiar neurologic phenotype of RTT. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22302819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18534925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11180222"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22302819",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 275,
"text": "Rett syndrome (RTT) results from loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051783",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015518",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008745",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 534ebb59288f4dae47000004 | 493 |
factoid | Which is the molecular weight of the protein angiogenin? | [['14,120 Da']] | [
"14,120 Da",
"14,120 daltons",
"14,120 Da (Dalton)",
"14,120 Da molecular weight"
] | ['The molecular weight of angiogenin is 14,120 Da. The bovine angiogenin is 14,595 Da'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1723310",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2775757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4074709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18055286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673358",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10486275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1723310",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 134,
"text": "Angiogenin is a potent blood-vessel-inducing polypeptide with a molecular weight of 14,000 that has a unique ribonu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008970",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014894",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANGI_MACMU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANGI_SAGOE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AN... | [] | 54d7ae1fe19bba8909000001 | 497 |
factoid | What is the gene mutated in the Gaucher disease? | ['glucocerebrosidase'] | [
"glucocerebrosidase",
"GBA",
"glucosylceramidase",
"glucosylceramide beta-glucosidase",
"cerebroside beta-glucosidase"
] | The glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22230121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21704274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20004604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17427031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21704274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 242,
"text": "The glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA), located in a gene-rich region on chromosome 1q 21, is mutated in Gaucher dise... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005776",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1926"
] | [] | 532f55fed6d3ac6a34000036 | 499 |
factoid | Which disease is included as an additional feature in the Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome? | [['Craniosynostosis']] | [
"Craniosynostosis",
"Cranial synostosis",
"Craniosynostosis syndrome",
"Craniosynostosis disorder"
] | ['Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by: craniosynostosis of the coronal, sagittal, or lambdoid sutures; dolichocephaly; distinctive craniofacial features; skeletal changes (dolichostenomelia, arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, pes planus, pectus excavatum or carinatum, scoliosis, joint hypermobility or contractures and C1/C2 spine malformation); neurologic abnormalities; intellectual disability; and brain anomalies (hydrocephalus, dilatation of the lateral ventricles, and Chiari 1 malformation). Cardiovascular anomalies may include mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation/incompetence, aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation. Minimal subcutaneous fat, abdominal wall defects, myopia, and cryptorchidism in males, are also characteristic findings.\nThe Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome is an extremely rare syndrome with a characteristic face. This is one of a group of disorders characterized by craniosynostosis and marfanoid features.', 'Mutation in fibrillin-1 and the Marfanoid-craniosynostosis (Shprintzen-Goldberg) syndromeMutations in Kif1-binding protein/KIAA1279 (KBP) cause the devastating neurological disorder Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GSS) in humans.', 'Mutation in fibrillin-1 and the Marfanoid-craniosynostosis (Shprintzen-Goldberg) syndromeMutations in Kif1-binding protein/KIAA1279 (KBP) cause the devastating neurological disorder Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GSS) in humans.', 'Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by: craniosynostosis of the coronal, sagittal, or lambdoid sutures; dolichocephaly; distinctive craniofacial features; skeletal changes (dolichostenomelia, arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, pes planus, pectus excavatum or carinatum, scoliosis, joint hypermobility or contractures and C1/C2 spine malformation); neurologic abnormalities; intellectual disability; and brain anomalies (hydrocephalus, dilatation of the lateral ventricles, and Chiari 1 malformation). Cardiovascular anomalies may include mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation/incompetence, aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation. Minimal subcutaneous fat, abdominal wall defects, myopia, and cryptorchidism in males, are also characteristic findings.Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by craniosynostosis and marfanoid habitus.', 'Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by: craniosynostosis of the coronal, sagittal, or lambdoid sutures; dolichocephaly; distinctive craniofacial features; skeletal changes (dolichostenomelia, arachnodactyly, camptodactyly, pes planus, pectus excavatum or carinatum, scoliosis, joint hypermobility or contractures and C1/C2 spine malformation); neurologic abnormalities; intellectual disability; and brain anomalies (hydrocephalus, dilatation of the lateral ventricles, and Chiari 1 malformation). Cardiovascular anomalies may include mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation/incompetence, aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation. Minimal subcutaneous fat, abdominal wall defects, myopia, and cryptorchidism in males, are also characteristic findings.Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by craniosynostosis and marfanoid habitus.', 'Hirschsprung disease is very often identified as an additional feature of the Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20621975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18192286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16760737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10874640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9571278",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23427148",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 171,
"text": "Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS, MIM #609460) is an autosomal recessive disorder of intellectual disability, s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5519110f622b19434500000c | 507 |
factoid | Which protein is causing Netherton syndrome? | [['LEKTI', 'lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor']] | [
"LEKTI",
"lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor",
"lymphoepithelial Kazal-type inhibitor",
"Kazal-type inhibitor",
"Kazal-type-related inhibitor"
] | ['Netherton syndrome (NS) is a serious inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the gene SPINK5 (serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 5) which encodes for a serine protease inhibitor LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24211642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24138501",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24015757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23347305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292773",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 193,
"text": "Netherton syndrome (NTS) is a rare genetic skin disease caused by mutations in the serine protease inhibitor Kazal... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056770",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050474",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/SPINK5",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3345"
},
{
"o": "http://www.dbpedia.org/resource/SPINK5",
"p": "http... | 54ff45966ad7dcbc12000010 | 508 |
factoid | Which disease of the central nervous system is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies? | [["Parkinson's disease (PD)"]] | [
"Parkinson's disease",
"PD",
"Parkinson disease",
"Parkinson's",
"idiopathic Parkinson's disease",
"primary Parkinsonism",
"paralysis agitans"
] | ["Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein.", 'Parkinsons disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The protein α-synuclein is well recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease and is the major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produces motor and non-motor symptoms. The majority of cases are idiopathic and characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies containing fibrillar α-synuclein '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23979994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587141",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531432",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23225525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24465140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23979994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 266,
"text": "Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that produ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002493",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12217",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020961",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:331",
"http://... | [] | 550c3754a103b78016000007 | 510 |
factoid | Which deiodinase is known to be present in liver? | ['Type 1 deiodinase', 'type 3 deiodinase'] | [
"Type 1 deiodinase",
"DIO1",
"Type I iodothyronine deiodinase",
"Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase",
"Type 3 deiodinase",
"DIO3",
"Type III iodothyronine deiodinase",
"Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase"
] | ['High D1 and D3 activities are present in fetal human liver, and high D1 and mostly absent D3 activities are present in adult human liver.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15072569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9389494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9709961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9794474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8550759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629231"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15072569",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Iodothyronine deiodinase in vitro activity studies in the chicken showed the presence of type I and type III i... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | null | null | 517a8b768ed59a060a00003f | 511 |
factoid | What molecule is targeted by suvorexant? | [['orexin']] | [
"orexin",
"hypocretin"
] | ['Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25667197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25533960",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25489915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26478806",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 605,
"offsetInEndSection": 773,
"text": "Suvorexant is the first DORA to be approved and has demonstrated efficacy at decreasing both time to sleep onset... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56c1f003ef6e394741000039 | 516 |
factoid | For which type of diabetes can empagliflozin be used? | [['type 2 diabetes mellitus']] | [
"type 2 diabetes",
"type II diabetes",
"non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus",
"adult-onset diabetes",
"diabetes mellitus type 2",
"T2DM",
"diabetes type 2",
"insulin resistance diabetes",
"type 2 DM",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus"
] | ['The oral antidiabetes agent, empagliflozin, can be used as monotherapy or alongside other glucose-lowering treatments, including insulin, to treat T2DM.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24795251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23906374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25775379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25712444",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 106,
"text": "Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of the evidence."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003924",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9352"
] | [] | 571e14fbbb137a4b0c000001 | 517 |
factoid | How early during pregnancy does non-invasive cffDNA testing allow sex determination of the fetus? | [['6th to 10th week of gestation', 'first trimester of pregnancy']] | [
"6th to 10th week of gestation",
"first trimester of pregnancy",
"first trimester",
"weeks 6 to 10 of pregnancy",
"weeks 6 to 10 of gestation"
] | ['Using cffDNA from maternal blood, the fetal gender can be determined as early as 6 to 10 weeks of gestation (during the first trimester of pregnancy).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23690098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24094458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22261468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22192861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343090",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "The use of cffDNA in fetal sex determination during the first trimester of pregnancy of female DMD carriers."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019849",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012732",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005333",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/ami... | [] | 57136a7e1174fb1755000006 | 521 |
factoid | What is the life expectancy of professional athletes in respect to the general population? | ['longer than the general population'] | [
"longer than average",
"longer than typical",
"longer than the general population",
"greater than the general population",
"above average length"
] | Elite endurance (aerobic) athletes and mixed-sports (aerobic and anaerobic) athletes show higher longevity than the general population, but results about power (anaerobic) athletes are inconsistent. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17436206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9177584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8164540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435018",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 655,
"offsetInEndSection": 791,
"text": "In all 13 intervals, cumulative observed survival was smaller than cumulative expected survival, resulting in cu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008017",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056352"
] | [] | 52efc016c8da89891000001a | 529 |
factoid | Which JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitor is approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? | ['tofacitinib'] | [
"tofacitinib",
"Xeljanz",
"CP-690550"
] | Tofacitinib (or CP690.550) is an oral JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitor that is approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Tofacitinib inhibits JAK family kinase members, in particular JAK1 and JAK3, achieving a broad limitation of inflammation by interfering with several cytokine receptors. Tofacitinib has also a proven efficacy as an immunosuppressive regimen after renal transplantation.
GLPG-0634 and INCB18424 are other JAK kinase inhibitors that are being studied for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285764",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23961674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23627915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24285764",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "Tofacitinib: The First Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053612",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001172",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JAK1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JAK1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JA... | [] | 53357193d6d3ac6a34000047 | 532 |
factoid | How is OCT3 associated with serotonin? | [['serotonin clearance']] | [
"serotonin clearance",
"5-HT clearance",
"serotonin reuptake",
"serotonin transport",
"serotonin uptake",
"5-hydroxytryptamine clearance"
] | ['OCT3 plays a role in serotonin clearance'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19280114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20402963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12584728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19025979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23982114",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "The organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) is a widely expressed transporter for endogenous and exogenous organic cat... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274509",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/OCT3_ARATH",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4274509",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012701"
] | [] | 571e2beabb137a4b0c000006 | 537 |
factoid | Which signaling pathway is activating the dishevelled proteins? | [['Wnt signaling']] | [
"Wnt signaling",
"Wnt pathway",
"Wnt signaling pathway",
"Wnt/β-catenin signaling",
"Wnt/Frizzled signaling",
"Wnt signaling cascade"
] | ['Dishevelled (Xdsh) controls cell fate via canonical Wnt signaling'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19561403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25358879"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19561403",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 291,
"text": "Wnt signaling is known to be important for diverse embryonic and post-natal cellular events and be regulated by th... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5708a845cf1c32585100000f | 541 |
factoid | Which is the defective protein causing the lysosomal storage disease Fabry? | ['alpha-galactosidase A'] | [
"alpha-galactosidase A",
"α-galactosidase A",
"GLA",
"alpha-galactosidase",
"alpha-galactosidase A enzyme"
] | ['Anderson-Fabry disease (referred to as Fabry disease) is an X-linked disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and the subsequent accumulation in various tissues of globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)), the main substrate of the defective enzyme.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202000",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15702403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9323559"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202000",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 339,
"text": "The lysosomal storage disorder Fabry disease is characterized by excessive globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumul... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14499",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000795",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008247",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0005... | null | 51405cd123fec90375000005 | 542 |
factoid | Which gene is most commonly associated with severe congenital and cyclic neutropenia? | [['The neutrophil elastase gene (ELANE)']] | [
"neutrophil elastase",
"ELANE",
"neutrophil elastase gene",
"human neutrophil elastase",
"HNE"
] | ['Neutrophil elastase gene (ELANE) mutations are responsible for the majority of cases of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and cyclic neutropenia (CN).', 'Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other ', 'Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other ', 'Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other ', 'Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other ', 'Cyclic neutropenia (CN) and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) are disorders of neutrophil production that differ markedly in disease severity. Mutations of the ELANE gene (the symbol recently replacing ELA2) are considered largely responsible for most cases of CN and SCN, but specific mutations are typically associated with one or the other '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20582973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19057199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11001877",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463630",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "Neutrophil elastase gene (ELANE) mutations are responsible for the majority of cases of severe congenital neutrope... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050590"
] | [] | 5503133ae9bde6963400001d | 551 |
factoid | What was the purpose of the FANTOM5 project? | [['To provide comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research.']] | [
"mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes",
"mammalian transcriptomes",
"cell-type-specific transcriptomes",
"transcriptomes",
"mammalian gene expression profiles",
"cell-type-specific gene expression profiles",
"functional annotation of transcriptomes",
"comprehensive expression profiles"
] | ['The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research. The FANTOM5 and ENCODE projects represent two independent large scale efforts to map regulatory and transcriptional features to the human genome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24669905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670764",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670763"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24669905",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 227,
"offsetInEndSection": 372,
"text": "The FANTOM5 and ENCODE projects represent two independent large scale efforts to map regulatory and transcriptio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 569e731cca240fa209000003 | 557 |
factoid | What disease in Loxapine prominently used for? | ['schizophrenia'] | [
"schizophrenia",
"split personality",
"psychosis",
"mental illness",
"schizophrenic disorder",
"schizophrenic"
] | The best indication of loxapine is paranoid schizophrenia. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22014696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7914051"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22014696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "To describe the frequency and trends in the use of antipsychotics for adults with schizophrenia in Canada from 20... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008152",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4090321",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274767",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4122154"
] | [] | 52b2e409f828ad283c00000e | 561 |
factoid | Which antibodies cause Riedel thyroiditis? | [['IgG4']] | [
"IgG4",
"Immunoglobulin G4",
"IgG subclass 4",
"IgG4 antibody"
] | ['Riedel thyroiditis (Immunoglobulin G4-related thyroid disease) is caused by IgG4 antibodies. It is part of the spectrum of Ig4-related sclerosing disease.\nIt is associated with fibrosis and inflammation of the thyroid gland.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25224542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24783026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22498583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22210556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 934,
"offsetInEndSection": 1080,
"text": "LEARNING POINTS: There are potential clinical applications of identifying subsets of patients with IgG4 thyroid... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013966",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7166",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000906",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7188"
] | [] | 56c1f040ef6e394741000055 | 563 |
factoid | What is generic name of drug Adempas? | [['riociguat']] | [
"riociguat",
"Adempas"
] | ['Riociguat is generic name of drug Adempas. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator that was approved for the treatment of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25352393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24524094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24391396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24218053"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395817",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "Riociguat (adempas): a novel agent for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmo... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54e1bdacae9738404b000009 | 574 |
factoid | Is single guide RNA part of the CRISPR/Cas9 tool or an inhibitor of its function? | [['Single guide RNA is part of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.']] | [
"single guide RNA",
"sgRNA",
"guide RNA",
"CRISPR RNA",
"CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA",
"CRISPR single guide RNA"
] | ['Single guide RNA is part of the CRISPR/Cas9 system.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25437567",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25731961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25713377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24838573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25122746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25713377",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 457,
"text": "Cas9, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease found in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS9_STRTR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS9_PASMU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS9_NEIMA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS9_NEIM8",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS9_FRATN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAS9_CAMJE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CA... | [] | 56f146db2ac5ed145900000f | 576 |
factoid | What is the target protein of the drug Idelalisib? | ['PI3K-δ', 'phosphoinositol-3 kinase delta isoform'] | [
"PI3K-δ",
"phosphoinositol-3 kinase delta isoform",
"phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta",
"PI3 kinase delta",
"phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ",
"PI3K delta",
"p110δ",
"p110 delta"
] | Idelalisib represents a first-in-class specific inhibitor of the phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) delta isoform. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24323900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24261963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24085367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24060900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24323900",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1348,
"offsetInEndSection": 1369,
"text": " PI3Kδ (idelalisib). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011955",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004364"
] | [] | 5321bc309b2d7acc7e00000d | 577 |
factoid | Which antiepileptic drug is most strongly associated with spina bifida? | ['Valproate'] | [
"Valproate",
"Valproic acid",
"Divalproex sodium",
"Sodium valproate",
"Valproate sodium"
] | ['Phenytoin is not used in pregnancy as it is associated with a severe fetal deformation. From the other anticonvulsants most studies report the higher association between use during pregnancy and spin bifida to occur with Valproate.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23082254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21766433",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19490036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11077457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051200",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 258,
"text": "The teratogenicity of antiepilepsy drug valproic acid (VPA) mostly is found in genetic and somatic levels, cau... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0080016",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000927"
] | null | 51588bb2d24251bc05000091 | 578 |
factoid | Which bacteria caused plague? | [['Yersinia pestis']] | [
"Yersinia pestis",
"plague bacterium",
"Yersin's bacillus",
"Pasteurella pestis",
"Yersinia pestis biovar",
"Yersinia pestis biovar orientalis",
"Yersinia pestis biovar medievalis",
"Yersinia pestis biovar microtus"
] | ['Yersinia pestis is the causative bacteria of the plague.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8052312"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410352",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 187,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": " the causative bacteria Yersinia pestis as an agent of biological warfare have highlighted the need for a safe, ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571cdd227de986d80d00000f | 579 |
factoid | The drug JTV519 is derivative of which group of chemical compounds? | [['1,4-benzothiazepine', 'benzothiazepine']] | [
"1,4-benzothiazepine",
"benzothiazepine",
"benzothiazepine derivative",
"benzothiazepine compound"
] | ['JTV519 (K201), is a 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative and multi-channel blocker, which has been found to stabilize RyR2s and decrease SR Ca²⁺ leak.', 'The 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative JTV-519 is a new type of calcium ion channel modulator.JTV-519, which has potential use as an antiarrhythmic [285800]. The drug is a novel cardioprotectant derivative of 1,4-benzothiazepine for which phase I trials were completed in the third quarter of 1998', 'The 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative JTV-519 is a new type of calcium ion channel modulator.JTV-519, which has potential use as an antiarrhythmic [285800]. The drug is a novel cardioprotectant derivative of 1,4-benzothiazepine for which phase I trials were completed in the third quarter of 1998'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22509897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349825",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21989257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17112502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22509897",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 202,
"offsetInEndSection": 341,
"text": "In these conditions, JTV519 (K201), a 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative and multi-channel blocker, stabilizes RyR2s... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=chemicals_and_drugs_category",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004339"
] | [] | 54f9b74306d9727f76000004 | 580 |
factoid | Is the long non- coding RNA malat-1 up or downregulated in cancer? | ['upregulated'] | [
"upregulated",
"up-regulated",
"increased expression",
"enhanced expression",
"stimulated expression"
] | Malat-1 expression is upregulated in several tumor types | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22088988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23104528",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722759",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 132,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "lncRNA MALAT-1 expression is upregulated in some tumors."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D022661",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062085"
] | [] | 53440d2caeec6fbd07000004 | 581 |
factoid | Oxantel is used for periodontitis treatment. How does it work? | ['Oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm'] | [
"Oxantel",
"Oxantel pamoate",
"Oxantel embonate",
"Oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm"
] | Oxantel, a cholinergic anthelmintic and fumarate reductase inhibitor, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and disrupted established biofilms. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20038616"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24165189",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 75,
"text": "Oxantel disrupts polymicrobial biofilm development of periodontal pathogens"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010518",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4251142",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:824"
] | [
{
"o": "36531-26-7",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/registryNumber",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/oxantel"
},
{
"o": "oxantel",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/oxantel... | 530c7f52970c65fa6b000010 | 582 |
factoid | What is apelin? | [['Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor.']] | [
"Apelin",
"apelin-13",
"apelin-36",
"apelin receptor ligand",
"endogenous ligand for APJ",
"APJ receptor ligand",
"apelin peptide"
] | ['Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25965959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26491547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25491175",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25668242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25965959",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56e6dfc2edfc094c1f000003 | 583 |
factoid | What is the function of the protein encoded by the gene PABPC4? | ['PABC4 is important for mRNA stability and translation initiation, in chronic inflammation and in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.'] | [
"PABC4",
"Poly(A)-binding protein 4",
"PABP4",
"PABP-4",
"PABP4 protein",
"PABP4 mRNA-binding protein"
] | The main function of PABPC4 is in mRNA stability and translation initiation. PABPC4 may also play a role in chronic inflammation and in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23938467",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22896784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22530058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11328870",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 121,
"text": "In testis mRNA stability and translation initiation are extensively under the control of poly(A)-binding proteins ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D026723",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002352",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011485",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PA... | [
{
"o": "true",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/reviewed",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21187"
},
{
"o": "Poly(A)-binding protein",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/shortName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_5032313138370015"
},
{
"o": "pAbp",
"p": "... | 531d744c267d7dd053000009 | 584 |
factoid | What kind of enzyme is encoded by the proto-oncogene ABL1? | [['Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinase']] | [
"Nonreceptor tyrosine kinase",
"Protein-Tyrosine Kinase",
"Non-receptor tyrosine kinase",
"Non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase",
"Non-receptor PTK",
"Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase"
] | ['The Abelson (ABL) family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, transduces diverse extracellular signals to protein networks that control proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. Constitutively activated mutants of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) ABL1 (Abelson murine leukemia viral (v-abl) homolog (1) protein) play a central role in the pathogenesis myeloproliferative disorders and in some cases of acute leukemia and lymphoma.', 'ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ', 'ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ', 'ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ', 'ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ', 'ABL-family proteins comprise one of the best conserved branches of the tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. This cassette is coupled to an actin-binding and -bundling domain, which makes ABL proteins capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Two vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842646",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21435002",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20841568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19290927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18796434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23842646",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 336,
"text": "The Abelson (ABL) family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, transduces diverse extracellular signals ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011519",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011518"
] | [] | 55241f9e2c8b63434a000004 | 585 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Romano Ward long QT syndrome? | ['autosomal dominant'] | [
"autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] | The Romano Ward long QT syndrome (LQTS) has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15950200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9272155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19862833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10593671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8223759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15950200",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 301,
"offsetInEndSection": 550,
"text": "KCNQ1 is associated with two different entities of LQTS, the autosomal-dominant Romano-Ward syndrome (RWS), and ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008133",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D029597",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582"
] | [] | 52ee9f55c8da898910000009 | 586 |
factoid | Which gene is associated with the Mitchell-Riley syndrome? | ['RFX6'] | [
"RFX6",
"Regulatory Factor X6",
"RFX-6",
"RFX 6"
] | Mutations in the gene coding for the transcription factor RFX6 (regulatory factor X,6) have been described as the cause of the Mitchell-Riley syndrome. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23914949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215266"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215266",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 143,
"text": "Mutations in rfx6 were recently associated with Mitchell-Riley syndrome, which involves neonatal diabetes, and oth... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004402",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050657",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11589",
"htt... | [
{
"o": "OMIM",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17467973"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17467973",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource... | 52e92c6e98d0239505000024 | 592 |
factoid | What is the main component of the Lewy bodies? | [['Alpha-synuclein']] | [
"Alpha-synuclein",
"SNCA",
"Non-A-beta component of Alzheimer's disease amyloid",
"Alpha-synuclein protein",
"Alpha-synuclein precursor",
"Alpha-synuclein isoform",
"Parkinsonism associated with alpha-synuclein",
"NACP"
] | ["Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurones and the formation of Lewy bodies (LB) in a proportion of the remaining neurones. Alpha-synuclein has been identified as the main component of the Lewy bodies.", 'The main component of Lewy bodies is alpha-synuclein.', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'The main component of Lewy bodies is alpha-synuclein.', "Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurones and the formation of Lewy bodies (LB) in a proportion of the remaining neurones. Alpha-synuclein has been identified as the main component of the Lewy bodies.", 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis ', 'Parkinson s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a central role in the PD pathogenesis '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23562579",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23384565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23295909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18991634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23562579",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 350,
"offsetInEndSection": 443,
"text": "α-syn is the main component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia"
},
{
"beg... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016631",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12217",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020961"
] | [] | 550c3d45a103b78016000008 | 600 |
factoid | What is the link between HOT regions and RNA polymerase recruitment? | [['Transcription-factor occupancy at HOT regions quantitatively predicts RNA polymerase recruitment.']] | [
"Transcription factor occupancy at HOT regions",
"Transcription-factor occupancy at HOT regions quantitatively predicts RNA polymerase recruitment",
"Transcription factor binding at HOT regions",
"Transcription factor presence at HOT regions",
"Transcription factor occupancy in HOT regions"
] | ['Most HOT regions co-localize with RNA polymerase II binding sites, but many are not near the promoters of annotated genes. At HOT promoters, TF occupancy is strongly predictive of transcription preinitiation complex recruitment and moderately predictive of initiating Pol II recruitment, but only weakly predictive of elongating Pol II and RNA transcript abundance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24138567"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24138567",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Transcription-factor occupancy at HOT regions quantitatively predicts RNA polymerase recruitment in five human cell line... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012320",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012318",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012319",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 56ae2fab0a360a5e45000006 | 602 |
factoid | Which is the enzyme that degrades decapped mRNAs? | [['XRN1']] | [
"XRN1",
"5' to 3' exoribonuclease 1",
"XRN-1",
"XRN1 exoribonuclease",
"XRN1 protein",
"XRN1 enzyme"
] | ["The removal of the 5'-cap structure by the decapping enzyme DCP2 and its coactivator DCP1 shuts down translation and exposes the mRNA to 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic degradation by XRN1.", "The removal of the 5'-cap structure by the decapping enzyme DCP2 and its coactivator DCP1 shuts down translation and exposes the mRNA to 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic degradation by XRN1", "The removal of the 5'-cap structure by the decapping enzyme DCP2 and its coactivator DCP1 shuts down translation and exposes the mRNA to 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic degradation by XRN1", "The removal of the 5'-cap structure by the decapping enzyme DCP2 and its coactivator DCP1 shuts down translation and exposes the mRNA to 5'-to-3' exonucleolytic degradation by XRN1"] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24510189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383165"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24510189",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 180,
"text": "The removal of the 5'-cap structure by the decapping enzyme DCP2 and its coactivator DCP1 shuts down translation a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56cdf5315795f9a73e000046 | 604 |
factoid | Which is the target protein of the drug nivolumab? | [['programmed death receptor-1']] | [
"programmed death receptor-1",
"PD-1",
"CD279",
"programmed cell death 1",
"PDCD1"
] | ['Nivolumab was developed as a monoclonal antibody against programmed death receptor-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor which negatively regulates T-cell proliferation and activation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26028407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26027431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26448890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406148"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26028407",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 280,
"offsetInEndSection": 372,
"text": "nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune-checkpoint-inhibitor antibody"
},
{
"begi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56f780cb09dd18d46b000011 | 606 |
factoid | What is the functional role of the protein Drp1? | [['mitochondrial fission']] | [
"mitochondrial fission",
"mitochondrial division",
"mitochondrial splitting",
"mitochondrial fragmentation"
] | ['Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediates mitochondrial fission.', 'Drp1 is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25658204",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25192600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24485837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332205",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 239,
"offsetInEndSection": 318,
"text": "dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission,"
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012380",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024101"
] | [
{
"o": "D012380",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0112997"
}
] | 5717dbfe7de986d80d000001 | 610 |
factoid | What does isradipine do to L-type channels? | [['antagonizes', 'blocks']] | [
"antagonizes",
"blocks"
] | ['Isradipine antagonizes/blocks the L-type channels.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18996099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17311846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17884683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9585150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7978480",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18996099",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 514,
"offsetInEndSection": 641,
"text": "The L-type channel blocker, isradipine (5 microM), had no significant effect on the amplitude or kinetics of the... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017275",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020746",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250298"
] | [] | 56cf20eb3975bb303a000001 | 613 |
factoid | Which type of myeloma is ixazomib being evaluated for? | [['Multiple myeloma']] | [
"Multiple myeloma",
"Plasma cell myeloma",
"Myeloma",
"Kahler's disease",
"Kahler disease"
] | ['The disease focus for the irreversible epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor ixazomib is multiple myeloma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25935605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25456369",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25302026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24920586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25935605",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 353,
"offsetInEndSection": 707,
"text": "Next generation proteasome inhibitors include carfilzomib and oprozomib which are irreversible epoxyketone prote... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009101"
] | [] | 56ed0ffe2ac5ed1459000008 | 616 |
factoid | To which family does the Zika virus belong? | [['Flaviviridae']] | [
"Flaviviridae",
"Flavivirus family",
"Flavivirus",
"Flaviviruses"
] | ['The Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25310102"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25310102",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Zika virus (ZIKV; genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) "
}
] | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005190",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014780",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014777",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "false",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/reviewed",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/64320"
},
{
"o": "Zika virus",
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/scientificName",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/64320"
},
{
"o": "64320",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/200... | 56b76d916e3f8eaf4c000001 | 618 |
factoid | Which is the molecular mechanism underlying K-ras alterations in carcinomas? | ['Point mutations'] | [
"Point mutations",
"Point mutation",
"Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)",
"Base substitutions",
"Nucleotide substitutions"
] | ['Activating point mutations most frequently in codon 12'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16757361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12697967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16757361",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "activating mutations in KRAS are identified in most pancreatic cancers"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0032856",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011905",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:305"
] | null | 5177def18ed59a060a000034 | 621 |
factoid | What is the main symptom of Marfan syndrome patients? | [['aortic root dissection']] | [
"aortic root dissection",
"aortic dissection involving the root",
"dissection of the aortic root",
"aortic root tear",
"aortic root rupture"
] | ['Marfan syndrome is a multisystemic connective tissue disorder caused mainly by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene. The entire cardiovascular system is affected in patients with Marfan syndrome. Aortic root dilatation, which may involve the proximal and distal aorta, mitral valve prolapse, and mitral regurgitation, aortic valve regurgitation or - the most feared and life-threatening symptom - aortic root dissection are the most common manifestations.', 'The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment', 'The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment', 'The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment', 'The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment', 'The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment', 'The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. Pathohistological alterations of the aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome consisted in pronounced restructuring of the wall with deep irreversible alternative changes. The risk of aortic dissection, which is the most serious manifestation of the Marfan syndrome, increases as the aorta enlarges. Surgical replacement of the aortic root with a composite graft does not end the disease process.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23941798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22397493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21958999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1464550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23877552",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 263,
"text": "The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost impor... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008382",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14323",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... | [] | 56f4011709dd18d46b000003 | 626 |
factoid | How is myotonic dystrophy inherited? | ['autosomal dominant'] | [
"autosomal dominant",
"AD",
"autosomal dominant inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"dominant trait"
] | ['Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a heterogeneous neuromuscular disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22332444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18228241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12577208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154209"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22332444",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder caused by a CCTG tetranucleoti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11722",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:450",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:655",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9884"
] | [
{
"o": "myotonic dystrophy",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1189440"
},
{
"o": "Myotonic Dystrophy",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1205... | 51635202298dcd4e5100004f | 628 |
factoid | What is the typical outer diameter of microtubules (tubulin heterodimers)? | [['24nm - 25 nm']] | [
"24nm - 25 nm",
"24 nm - 25 nm",
"24 nanometers - 25 nanometers",
"24 nanometer - 25 nanometer",
"24 nm to 25 nm"
] | ['Microtubules are highly anisotropic structures built from tubulin heterodimers. They are hollow cylindrical shells with a ∼ 25 nm (24nm - 25nm) outer diameter.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7161484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18085218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19565362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549038"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 418,
"offsetInEndSection": 562,
"text": "microtubules are highly anisotropic structures built from tubulin heterodimers. They are hollow cylindrical shel... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005874",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045298"
] | [] | 553f72edab98a37113000007 | 632 |
factoid | Which protein phosphatase has been found to interact with the heat shock protein, HSP20? | [['Protein phosphatase 1', 'PP1']] | [
"Protein phosphatase 1",
"PP1",
"PP1C",
"Protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit",
"Protein phosphatase 1 alpha",
"Protein phosphatase 1 beta",
"Protein phosphatase 1 gamma"
] | ['Protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat shock protein 20, Hsp20. Cell fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, and coimmunolocalization studies, revealed an association between Hsp20 and PP1. Small heat shock protein 20 interacts with protein phosphatase-1 and enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.', 'Moreover, protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat shock protein 20, Hsp20. Small heat shock protein 20 interacts with protein phosphatase-1 and enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493896"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244723",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1120,
"offsetInEndSection": 1453,
"text": " Moreover, protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016791",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HSP20_NIPBR"
] | [] | 5506ce078e1671127b00000b | 635 |
factoid | Neurostimulation of which nucleus is used for treatment of dystonia? | [['globus pallidus internus']] | [
"globus pallidus internus",
"GPi",
"internal globus pallidus",
"globus pallidus",
"pallidum internum"
] | ['Neurostimulation of globus pallidus internus is effective for treatment of dystonia. Ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus has also been tested for neurostimulation in dystonia patients.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23123071",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19576854",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17093249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292857",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 829,
"offsetInEndSection": 1044,
"text": "Bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS was performed in five SD patients and unilateral ventralis oralis ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:543"
] | [] | 54fc99f36ad7dcbc12000004 | 637 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Marchesani syndrome? | ['autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive'] | [
"autosomal dominant",
"autosomal recessive",
"AD",
"AR",
"autosomal inheritance",
"dominant inheritance",
"recessive inheritance"
] | Marchesani syndrome is transmitted either by an autosomal dominant (mutations in FBN1) or an autosomal recessive (mutations in ADAMTS10) mode of inheritance | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19836009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14598350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12525539",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11941487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301293",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 534,
"offsetInEndSection": 633,
"text": "Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant WMS cannot be distinguished by clinical findings alone. "
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056846",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582"
] | [] | 532f0bd6d6d3ac6a3400002d | 643 |
factoid | What is the cause of episodic ataxia type 6? | [['EAAT1 mutations']] | [
"EAAT1 mutations",
"excitatory amino acid transporter 1 mutations",
"GLT-1 mutations",
"SLC1A2 mutations"
] | ['Episodic ataxia type 6, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a glial glutamate transporter, the excitatory amino acid transporter-1. Reduced glutamate uptake by mutant excitatory amino acid transporter-1 (EAAT1) has been thought to be the main pathophysiological process in episodic ataxia type 6.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107647"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107647",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 98,
"offsetInEndSection": 497,
"text": "There are several genetically and clinically distinct forms of this disease, and one of them, episodic ataxia typ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:963"
] | [] | 571e4293bb137a4b0c00000b | 649 |
factoid | What is the main role of Ctf4 in dna replication? | [['Coordination of the progression of helicase and DNA polymerase alpha at the eukaryotic replication fork.']] | [
"Coordination of the progression of helicase and DNA polymerase alpha at the eukaryotic replication fork",
"Coordination of helicase and DNA polymerase alpha",
"Helicase and DNA polymerase alpha coordination",
"Eukaryotic replication fork coordination",
"Progression coordination of helicase and DNA polymera... | ['Ctf4 coordinates the progression of helicase and DNA polymerase alpha. Mcm10 and And-1/CTF4 recruit DNA polymerase alpha to chromatin for initiation of DNA replication. And-1/Ctf4 is therefore a new replication initiation factor that brings together the MCM2-7 helicase and the DNA pol alpha-primase complex, analogous to the linker between helicase and primase or helicase and polymerase that is seen in the bacterial replication machinery.', 'coupling MCM2-7 to replicative polymerases is an important feature of the regulation of chromosome replication in eukaryotes, and highlight a key role for Ctf4 in this processAnd-1/Ctf4 is therefore a new replication initiation factor that brings together the MCM2-7 helicase and the DNA pol alpha-primase complex, analogous to the linker between helicase and primase or helicase and polymerase that is seen in the bacterial replication machinery', 'coupling MCM2-7 to replicative polymerases is an important feature of the regulation of chromosome replication in eukaryotes, and highlight a key role for Ctf4 in this processAnd-1/Ctf4 is therefore a new replication initiation factor that brings together the MCM2-7 helicase and the DNA pol alpha-primase complex, analogous to the linker between helicase and primase or helicase and polymerase that is seen in the bacterial replication machinery'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21470422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20381454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20089864",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255107",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 95,
"offsetInEndSection": 351,
"text": "In this report, interactions between human Ctf4 (hCtf4) and the replicative helicase containing the cell division... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006260",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004261",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045740",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... | [] | 530cf22aa177c6630c000004 | 650 |
factoid | Which hormone deficiency is implicated in the Costello syndrome ? | ['Growth hormone'] | [
"Growth hormone",
"Somatotropin",
"Human growth hormone",
"HGH",
"Somatropin"
] | Growth hormone deficiency is implicated in Costello syndrome. Growth hormone therapy should be administered with caution due to possible severe side effects. Cortisol and sex hormone deficiencies were also implicated in Costello syndrome. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22887473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22821884",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20307337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19258709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22887473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1019,
"offsetInEndSection": 1120,
"text": "Measurements obtained after growth hormone exposure in 15 individuals were excluded in this analysis."
},
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056685",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006728",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050469"
] | [] | 53130a77e3eabad02100000f | 653 |
factoid | Which is the most common CFTR mutation in Caucasians? | [['deltaF508']] | [
"deltaF508",
"F508del",
"ΔF508",
"F508 deletion",
"delta F508"
] | ['The commonest CFTR mutation, deltaF508, is found in 74.1% of all CF chromosomes. In the Caucasian CF population, 57.5% are deltaF508 homozygotes but the UK ISC CF population with only 24.7%, has significantly fewer deltaF508 homozygotes patients (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.4).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22081250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662673",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12357328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8825494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8222279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517344",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1382,
"offsetInEndSection": 1497,
"text": "Exposure to WCS caused a pronounced reduction in CFTR activity in both CFTR (+/+) cells and F508del CFTR (+/-)... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003550",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006801",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154"
] | [] | 56c5feb75795f9a73e000006 | 657 |
factoid | When are itaconic acid levels elevated? | [['Immune Defence']] | [
"Immune Defence",
"Immune Defense",
"Immune System Defense",
"Immune Response",
"Host Defense",
"Immunological Defense"
] | ['Itaconic acid levels are elevetad in immune defence.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25064235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610393"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25064235",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1138,
"offsetInEndSection": 1371,
"text": "taconic acid (P = 0.0003), with a false discovery rate of 0.012, was found to be significantly more abundant i... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0951348",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrower",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0064110"
},
{
"o": "itaconic acid, copper salt",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedl... | 54d669003706e8952800000e | 662 |
factoid | Simpson grading is used to describe resection of which brain tumor? | [['meningioma']] | [
"meningioma",
"meningeal tumor",
"meningeal neoplasm",
"meningeal cancer",
"meningeal mass"
] | ['The Simpson grading system was used to assess the extent of surgical resection of meningioma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25464274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24193889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24053497",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12605979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25464274",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 558,
"offsetInEndSection": 1283,
"text": "The impact of age (≤ 70 vs.>70 years), sex, tumor diameter (<6 vs. ≥ 6 cm), pre- and postoperative KPS (<80 vs.... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001932"
] | [] | 56c1f010ef6e394741000041 | 668 |
factoid | Where in the cell do we find the protein Cep135? | ['centrosome'] | [
"centrosome",
"microtubule organizing center",
"MTOC",
"centrosomal complex"
] | ['centrosome'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23213374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23115304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22976301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456457",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 219,
"text": "CEP family protein is the active component of centrosome"
},
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"do... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CP135_HUMAN"
] | null | 51596a8ad24251bc0500009e | 669 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by Varespladib? | [['secretory phospholipase A2']] | [
"secretory phospholipase A2",
"sPLA2",
"secretory phospholipase A2 enzyme",
"secretory phospholipase A2 group",
"sPLA2 enzyme",
"secretory phospholipase A2 isoform"
] | ['Varespladib is a secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor. It was tested in patients with acute coronary syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24864079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24247616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25533115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24419257",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 198,
"text": "The VISTA-16 trial of varespladib, a secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor, in patients with an acute coron... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4240439",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4240439",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4240440"
] | [] | 56c1f00def6e39474100003f | 671 |
factoid | Which protein does empagliflozin inhibit? | [['SGLT2']] | [
"SGLT2",
"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2",
"SGLT-2",
"SGLT2 transporter",
"SGLT2 protein"
] | ['Empagliflozin (Jardiance) is a SGLT2 inhibitor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25369239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24226524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25402275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045645",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Empagliflozin (Jardiance): a novel SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type-2 diabetes."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003924",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003920",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051297",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 571e12097de986d80d000017 | 672 |
factoid | What is the clinical indication of cardiac T1 mapping magnetic resonance? | ['detection of myocardial fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathies'] | [
"detection of myocardial fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathies",
"myocardial fibrosis detection in nonischemic cardiomyopathies",
"identification of myocardial fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathies",
"diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathies",
"myocardial fibrosis assessment in... | The clinical indication of cardiac T1 mapping magnetic resonance is the detection of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathies | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903654",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23498672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23498674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22903654",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 504,
"offsetInEndSection": 671,
"text": "More diverse patterns of late enhancement including patchy, mid-wall, subepicardial, or diffuse enhancement are ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006321"
] | [] | 533ba218fd9a95ea0d000007 | 676 |
factoid | Which autophagy pathway is trigered by the KFERQ motif of cytosolic proteins? | [['chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)']] | [
"chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)",
"CMA",
"chaperone-mediated autophagy",
"chaperone-assisted autophagy"
] | ['Cytosolic proteins carrying the KFERQ motif (a specific lysosomal import consensus sequence) are directed to a selective form of lysosomal degradation, called chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), as chaperone protein Hsc73 and other chaperones are involved in this process.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16209346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11262416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16782460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15149326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23404999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 304,
"offsetInEndSection": 428,
"text": "Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of lysosomal degradation targeting proteins carrying the ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006914",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001343",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054730"
] | [] | 5540fbce234c5a7c75000001 | 677 |
factoid | Which is the phosphorylated residue in the promoter paused form of RNA polymerase II? | ['Serine 5'] | [
"Serine 5",
"Ser5",
"S5",
"Serine-5"
] | The promoter paused form of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated on serine 5 residues of the C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain (CTD) of the largest subunit. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21095588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17942706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14560008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12612070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087403",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1239,
"offsetInEndSection": 1394,
"text": "increase levels of serine-5 phosphorylated RNA polymerase II in the mutation target region, consistent with an... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012319",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0001055",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0071620",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... | [] | 5343bdd6aeec6fbd07000001 | 681 |
factoid | Describe a diet that reduces the chance of kidney stones. | ['reducing sodium'] | [
"reducing sodium",
"sodium reduction",
"sodium restriction",
"low sodium",
"sodium intake reduction",
"decreasing sodium",
"sodium lowering"
] | People can help prevent kidney stones by making changes in fluid intake and, depending on the type of kidney stone, changes in consumption of sodium, animal protein, calcium, and oxalate.
Drinking enough fluids each day is the best way to help prevent most types of kidney stones. Health care providers recommend that a person drink 2 to 3 liters of fluid a day. People with cystine stones may need to drink even more. Though water is best, other fluids may also help prevent kidney stones, such as citrus drinks. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24026180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23827660",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23732207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127678",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 641,
"offsetInEndSection": 727,
"text": "calcium oxalate remains the dominant type accounting for 64% of stones in our dataset,"
},
{
"beginSecti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007669",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004032",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007668",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/KIDNEY+DISEASES%2Fnutrition+and+diet",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13727389"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/KIDNEY+DISEASES%2Fn... | 5311bcc2e3eabad021000005 | 684 |
factoid | Which is the physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control? | [['Norvaline']] | [
"Norvaline",
"L-Norvaline",
"Norvaline (L-)",
"2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid"
] | ['The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.', 'The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.', 'The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.', 'The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.', 'The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.', 'The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.', 'The fidelity of protein synthesis depends on the capacity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) to couple only cognate amino acid-tRNA pairs. If amino acid selectivity is compromised, fidelity can be ensured by an inherent AARS editing activity that hydrolyses mischarged tRNAs. Rather, as shown by kinetic, structural and in vivo approaches, the prime biological function of LeuRS editing is to prevent mis-incorporation of the non-standard amino acid norvaline.', 'QUALITY CONTROL'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24935946"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24935946",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011786",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_SHESA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_SHESR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_SHESW",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYLC_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_S... | [] | 56ae57350a360a5e4500000a | 698 |
factoid | Which is the target of the drug Denosumab? | [['receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand', 'RANKL']] | [
"receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand",
"RANKL",
"RANK ligand",
"receptor activator of NF-kB ligand",
"TNFSF11",
"OPGL",
"osteoprotegerin ligand"
] | ['Denosumab (Dmab) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26203221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508890"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029270",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56e6ec49edfc094c1f000005 | 702 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.