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PMC6989633 | 31996712 | Introduction
The composition of Australiaโs theropod fauna is poorly understood in comparison to those of contemporaneous assemblages around the world, due primarily to the isolated and fragmentary mode of preservation in fossiliferous deposits. To date, the majority of documented theropod remains from Australia are fr... | Methods and Materials
LRF 3050.AR and NMV P221202 were inserted into a recently published ceratosaurian phylogenetic matrix 39 (see Supplementary Dataset S1 ) and analysed with equal weights parsimony in TNT 1.5 93 . A driven search strategy was implemented to calculate optimal trees, with each search using 100 repli... | Discussion
Comparisons of LRF 3050.AR
Opisthocoelous vertebral centra characterise the cervical series of many neotheropods. The posterior surfaces are typically moderately to strongly concave and the anterior surface may be generally flattened 49 , 50 or slightly convex as in ceratosaurians 51 โ 54 and basal tetanur... | The diversity of Australiaโs theropod fauna from the โmidโ-Cretaceous (AlbianโCenomanian) is distinctly biased towards the medium-sized megaraptorids, despite the preponderance of abelisauroids in the younger but latitudinally equivalent Patagonian theropod fauna. Here, we present new evidence for the presence of cerat... | Taxonomic Framework
There are presently two hypotheses regarding the content of Noasauridae and the phylogeny of non-abelisaurid, non-ceratosaurid ceratosaurians. Abelisauroidea was originally considered to include Abelisauridae and Noasauridae, and all ceratosaurs more closely related to them than to Ceratosaurus nas... | Supplementary information
is available for this paper at 10.1038/s41598-020-57667-7.
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Robert Foster who discovered the โSheepyardโ specimens and Joanne Foster and Gregory Robert Foster who generously donated the specimens under the Australian Governmentโs Cultural Gifts program. We th... | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:34:59 | Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 29; 10:1428 | oa_package/16/47/PMC6989633.tar.gz | ||
PMC7168315 | 32059467 | 1. Introduction
Biofilmsโaggregations of densely packed microbial cells embedded inside exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrixโare a major challenge in public health management. The EPS matrix provides a protective barrier to the biofilm, making them recalcitrant to antimicrobial agents and host defenses [ 1 ]. Staphylococcus... | 2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
Chitosan (75โ85% deacetylated), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Chrysin were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. The test stain, S. aureus (MCC 2408) was purchased from Microbial Culture Collection (MCC), Pune, India.
2.2. Synthesis of Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
Medium mo... | 3. Results
3.1. Synthesis and Characterization of Chrysin-Loaded Chitosan NPs
The CCNPs were synthesized using the ionotropic gelation method, using TPP molecules as a linker. The ratio of chitosan and TPP used is one of the factors that influence the aggregation of nanoparticles. Chitosan/TPP in the ratio of 5:1 was f... | 4. Discussion
The formation of biofilm is one of the major obstacles in the modern antibacterial therapy. The biofilm-forming ability of bacteria provides the pathogen with advantages by blocking the entry of antimicrobial agents, thus causing hindrance in the clearance of these pathogens by the host immune system. Dru... | 5. Conclusions
This study displayed an enhanced antibiofilm activity of chrysin against S. aureus when loaded on to chitosan-TPP nanoparticles, with a profound loading capacity. Chrysin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were characterized to confirm the effective loading of the flavone on chitosan nanoparticles. Anti-bio... | The application of nanotechnology in medicine is gaining popularity due to its ability to increase the bioavailability and biosorption of numerous drugs. Chrysin, a flavone constituent of Orocylumineicum vent is well-reported for its biological properties. However, its therapeutic potential has not been fully exploit... | Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Pondicherry University for the DLS and FTIR analysis. We would like to thank the Sophisticated Test and Instrumentation Centre (STIC), Cochin for the TEM analysis. We are also thankful to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli for support... | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:36:45 | Pathogens. 2020 Feb 12; 9(2):115 | oa_package/ba/c7/PMC7168315.tar.gz | |
PMC7408465 | 32610539 | 1. Introduction
Flibanserin (FLB) is a recently FDA-approved nonhormonal drug for the treatment of women with hypoactive sexual appetite disorder. FLB acts via decreasing the level of serotonin and increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine for maintaining healthy sexual response [ 1 ]. FLB-treated women have... | 2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
Flibanserin (FLB) was purchased from Qingdao Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd. (Qingdao, China); Phospholipon 90G (phosphatidyl choline from soy, at least 90% purity) was purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Frigenstr, Ludwigshafen, Germany); Span 65, Span 80, methanol, and chloroform were purchas... | 3. Results
3.1. Polynomial Model Selection and Diagnostic Analysis
The observed vesicle size of the prepared TRFs best fitted to the quadratic model based on its highest correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is shown Table 2 . There was a satisfactory agreement between the predicted and adjusted R 2 , indicating that the sel... | 4. Discussion
The nanoscale size observed could contribute to enhancing the drug permeation via the nasal mucosa and facilitating passing through the bloodโbrain barrier. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the vesicle size affirmed that the quadratic model was significant ( p < 0.0001). The positive sign of the coeffici... | 5. Conclusions
TRF-loaded hydrogel has been investigated as a possible intranasal delivery system of FLB. BoxโBehnken design was successfully applied for optimization of FLB TRFs with minimized vesicular size. The optimized FLB TRFs (1:1.12 drug:PL molar ratio, surfactant HLB of 2.3, and hydration medium pH of 7.2) wer... | Flibanserin (FLB) is a nonhormonal medicine approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat the hypoactive sexual appetite disorder in females. However, the peroral administration of the medicine is greatly affected by its poor bioavailability as a result of its extensive first-pass effect and poor solubili... | Author Contributions
Conceptualization, O.A.A.A. and U.A.F.; methodology, S.M.B.-E.; software, H.M.A.; validation, Z.A.A., H.Z.A., and A.K.K.; formal analysis, G.C.; investigation, F.C.; resources, A.A.; data curation, R.A.A.-G. (Raniyah A. Al-Ghamdi); writingโoriginal draft preparation, U.A.F.; writingโreview and edit... | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:35:06 | Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Jun 29; 10(7):1270 | oa_package/82/4e/PMC7408465.tar.gz | |
PMC7615524 | 37727079 | Introduction
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for assessing the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome, but are vulnerable to bias due to missingness in the outcomeโor โdropout.โ The impact of dropout depends on the missingness mechanism and the analysis model ( Dziura et al., 20... | Methods for Testing Differences in Variances
Various methods are available for testing and estimating the difference in variance between two groups, including Bartlettโs test ( Bartlett & Fowler, 1937 ), Leveneโs test ( Levene at al., 1960 ), the BrownโForsythe test ( Brown & Forsythe, 1974 ), the BreuschโPagan test ( ... | Results
The simulation results are shown in Table 2 . We first consider the seven scenarios when there is no effect modification and the treatment effects are homogeneous (AโG). When dropout is MCAR (A), and when dropout is MAR conditional on treatment (B), some measured covariate (C), or both (D), the treatment effec... | Discussion
In this paper, we show that, in RCTs, the outcome variance difference across trial arms at baseline, in the set of study participants who did not drop out, is an indicator of outcome-dependent MNAR dropout, and consequently, a biased CCA treatment effect estimate. In contrast, when outcomes are MAR or MCAR, ... | Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are vulnerable to bias from missing data. When outcomes are missing not at random (MNAR), estimates from complete case analysis (CCA) and multiple imputation (MI) may be biased. There is no statistical test for distinguishing between outcomes missing at random (MAR) and MNAR. Current... | Notation
Let U be some unmeasured covariate, and C some measured covariate. Let X = j denote the randomized trial arms, with j = {0, 1}, and X = 0 denoting the comparator arm and X = 1 the intervention arm. We define the continuous outcome variable, Y , as a linear function of X, U , and C so that w... | Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr Andrew Vickers and the acupuncture trial team for making the data from โAcupuncture for chronic headache in primary care: large, pragmatic, randomized trialโ publicly available. AH, TP and KT were supported by the Integrative Epidemiology Unit, which receives funding from the U... | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:47:20 | Biom J. 2023 Dec 1; 65(8):e2200116 | oa_package/98/16/PMC7615524.tar.gz | |
PMC7615526 | 38160938 | "Introduction\nLysosomal acid lipase (LAL) hydrolyzes cholesteryl esters (CE) and triacylglycerols ((...TRUNCATED) | "Materials and Methods\nAnimals\nMale young (8โ12 or 12โ17 weeks of age) and mature (40โ55 wee(...TRUNCATED) | "Results\nReduced cross-sectional area and SM mass in Lal โ/โ mice\nTo study the consequences of(...TRUNCATED) | "Discussion\nThe impact of LAL-D on the pathophysiology of SM is still unclear, although decreased m(...TRUNCATED) | "Conclusion\nTaken together, our data provide conclusive evidence that whole-body loss of LAL affect(...TRUNCATED) | "Objective\nLysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is the only enzyme known to hydrolyze cholesteryl esters (CE(...TRUNCATED) | Supplementary Material | "Acknowledgments\nThis work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (SFB 10.55776/F73, DK-MCD(...TRUNCATED) | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:47:21 | Mol Metab. 2023 Dec 30;:101869 | oa_package/db/ce/PMC7615526.tar.gz |
PMC8550499 | 34723203 | "Introduction\nAs a consequence of large-scale phenomena such as globalization, social integration, (...TRUNCATED) | "Conclusions\nThroughout this paper I tried to show that computational methods can play an important(...TRUNCATED) | "In this paper I argue in favour of the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach based on computati(...TRUNCATED) | "Language policy and complexity\nPublic policy can be defined as โ an intentional course of action(...TRUNCATED) | "Funding\nOpen access funding provided by University of Geneva.\nData availability\nThe manuscript h(...TRUNCATED) | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:35:01 | SN Soc Sci. 2021 Aug 2; 1(8):197 | oa_package/eb/8e/PMC8550499.tar.gz | |||
PMC9002620 | 35406088 | "1. Introduction\nHomocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfhydryl-containing amino acid that is produced when met(...TRUNCATED) | "2. Materials and Methods\n2.1. Animals\nMale Sprague Dawley rats (250 g, Envigo, Milan, Italy) were(...TRUNCATED) | "3. Results\n3.1. Effect of Cashew Nuts on Serum Hcy Levels after Methionine Administration\nIn the (...TRUNCATED) | "4. Discussion\nHHcy is a methionine metabolism abnormality that can cause a variety of disorders in(...TRUNCATED) | "These authors contributed equally to this work.\nThese authors contributed equally to this work.\nH(...TRUNCATED) | "Acknowledgments\nWe would like to acknowledge Salma Seetaroo from Ivorienne de Noix de Cajou S.A. o(...TRUNCATED) | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:35:07 | Nutrients. 2022 Apr 1; 14(7):1474 | oa_package/5c/7a/PMC9002620.tar.gz | ||
PMC9094045 | 35573302 | "Introduction\nAcetylcholine is an important neurotransmitter for both the maintenance of internal h(...TRUNCATED) | "Conclusion\nIn conclusion, experimental models such as the Chrna9 KO mouse have allowed the develop(...TRUNCATED) | "Edited by: Victoria M. Bajo Lorenzana, University of Oxford, United Kingdom\nReviewed by: Adrian Ro(...TRUNCATED) | "Auditory Efferent System\nThe auditory efferent system is a neural network that originates in the a(...TRUNCATED) | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:36:46 | Front Neurosci. 2022 Apr 27; 16:866161 | oa_package/d6/a7/PMC9094045.tar.gz | ||||
PMC9117295 | 35115661 | "Introduction\nGenetic variations at the DLG2 gene locus are linked to multiple psychiatric disord(...TRUNCATED) | "Materials and methods\nAnimals and husbandry\nAll procedures were carried out under local instituti(...TRUNCATED) | "Results\nDlg2 + /โ heterozygous knockout rats were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of the Dl(...TRUNCATED) | "Discussion\nNMDAR currents are increased in the Dlg2 + /โ heterozygous rat model. Additionally,(...TRUNCATED) | "Copy number variants indicating loss of function in the DLG2 gene have been associated with marke(...TRUNCATED) | Supplementary information
| "Supplementary information\nThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/(...TRUNCATED) | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:35:01 | Neuropsychopharmacology. 2022 Jun 3; 47(7):1367-1378 | oa_package/84/a0/PMC9117295.tar.gz | |
PMC9363242 | 35944931 | "Background\nDescription of the condition\nHigh blood pressure is the leading cause of preventable d(...TRUNCATED) | "Methods\nCriteria for considering studies for this review\nTypes of studies\nThe Populations, Inter(...TRUNCATED) | "Results\nDescription of studies\nFor detailed information, see Characteristics of included studies(...TRUNCATED) | "Discussion\nSummary of main results\nThis review examined the effects and safety of LSSS compared t(...TRUNCATED) | Authors' conclusions
| "Abstract\nBackground\nElevated blood pressure, or hypertension, is the leading cause of preventable(...TRUNCATED) | "Summary of findings\nObjectives\nTo assess the effects and safety of replacing salt with LSSS to re(...TRUNCATED) | "Acknowledgements\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) provided funding to Stellenbosch University t(...TRUNCATED) | CC BY | no | 2024-01-16 23:36:46 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Aug 10; 2022(8):CD015207 | oa_package/97/5a/PMC9363242.tar.gz |
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