from __future__ import print_function, division

from sympy.core.function import Function, C
from sympy.core import S, Integer
from sympy.core.mul import prod
from sympy.utilities.iterables import (has_dups, default_sort_key)
from sympy.core.compatibility import xrange

###############################################################################
###################### Kronecker Delta, Levi-Civita etc. ######################
###############################################################################


def Eijk(*args, **kwargs):
    """
    Represent the Levi-Civita symbol.

    This is just compatibility wrapper to ``LeviCivita()``.

    See Also
    ========

    LeviCivita

    """
    return LeviCivita(*args, **kwargs)


def eval_levicivita(*args):
    """Evaluate Levi-Civita symbol."""
    from sympy import factorial
    n = len(args)
    return prod(
        prod(args[j] - args[i] for j in xrange(i + 1, n))
        / factorial(i) for i in xrange(n))
    # converting factorial(i) to int is slightly faster


class LeviCivita(Function):
    """Represent the Levi-Civita symbol.

    For even permutations of indices it returns 1, for odd permutations -1, and
    for everything else (a repeated index) it returns 0.

    Thus it represents an alternating pseudotensor.

    Examples
    ========

    >>> from sympy import LeviCivita
    >>> from sympy.abc import i, j, k
    >>> LeviCivita(1, 2, 3)
    1
    >>> LeviCivita(1, 3, 2)
    -1
    >>> LeviCivita(1, 2, 2)
    0
    >>> LeviCivita(i, j, k)
    LeviCivita(i, j, k)
    >>> LeviCivita(i, j, i)
    0

    See Also
    ========

    Eijk

    """

    is_integer = True

    @classmethod
    def eval(cls, *args):
        if all(isinstance(a, (int, Integer)) for a in args):
            return eval_levicivita(*args)
        if has_dups(args):
            return S.Zero

    def doit(self):
        return eval_levicivita(*self.args)


class KroneckerDelta(Function):
    """The discrete, or Kronecker, delta function.

    A function that takes in two integers `i` and `j`. It returns `0` if `i` and `j` are
    not equal or it returns `1` if `i` and `j` are equal.

    Parameters
    ==========

    i : Number, Symbol
        The first index of the delta function.
    j : Number, Symbol
        The second index of the delta function.

    Examples
    ========

    A simple example with integer indices::

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> KroneckerDelta(1, 2)
        0
        >>> KroneckerDelta(3, 3)
        1

    Symbolic indices::

        >>> from sympy.abc import i, j, k
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, j)
        KroneckerDelta(i, j)
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, i)
        1
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, i + 1)
        0
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, i + 1 + k)
        KroneckerDelta(i, i + k + 1)

    See Also
    ========

    eval
    sympy.functions.special.delta_functions.DiracDelta

    References
    ==========

    .. [1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_delta
    """

    nargs = 2

    is_integer = True

    @classmethod
    def eval(cls, i, j):
        """
        Evaluates the discrete delta function.

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy.abc import i, j, k

        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, j)
        KroneckerDelta(i, j)
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, i)
        1
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, i + 1)
        0
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, i + 1 + k)
        KroneckerDelta(i, i + k + 1)

        # indirect doctest

        """
        if (i > j) is True:
            return cls(j, i)

        diff = C.Abs(i - j)
        if diff == 0:
            return S.One
        elif diff.is_number:
            return S.Zero
        elif i != 0 and diff.is_nonzero:
            return cls(0, diff.args[0])

        if i.assumptions0.get("below_fermi") and \
                j.assumptions0.get("above_fermi"):
            return S.Zero
        if j.assumptions0.get("below_fermi") and \
                i.assumptions0.get("above_fermi"):
            return S.Zero
        # to make KroneckerDelta canonical
        # following lines will check if inputs are in order
        # if not, will return KroneckerDelta with correct order
        if i is not min(i, j, key=default_sort_key):
            return cls(j, i)

    def _eval_power(self, expt):
        if expt.is_positive:
            return self
        if expt.is_negative and not -expt is S.One:
            return 1/self

    @property
    def is_above_fermi(self):
        """
        True if Delta can be non-zero above fermi

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> q = Symbol('q')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, a).is_above_fermi
        True
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, i).is_above_fermi
        False
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, q).is_above_fermi
        True

        See Also
        ========

        is_below_fermi, is_only_below_fermi, is_only_above_fermi


        """
        if self.args[0].assumptions0.get("below_fermi"):
            return False
        if self.args[1].assumptions0.get("below_fermi"):
            return False
        return True

    @property
    def is_below_fermi(self):
        """
        True if Delta can be non-zero below fermi

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> q = Symbol('q')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, a).is_below_fermi
        False
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, i).is_below_fermi
        True
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, q).is_below_fermi
        True

        See Also
        ========

        is_above_fermi, is_only_above_fermi, is_only_below_fermi

        """
        if self.args[0].assumptions0.get("above_fermi"):
            return False
        if self.args[1].assumptions0.get("above_fermi"):
            return False
        return True

    @property
    def is_only_above_fermi(self):
        """
        True if Delta is restricted to above fermi

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> q = Symbol('q')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, a).is_only_above_fermi
        True
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, q).is_only_above_fermi
        False
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, i).is_only_above_fermi
        False

        See Also
        ========

        is_above_fermi, is_below_fermi, is_only_below_fermi


        """
        return ( self.args[0].assumptions0.get("above_fermi")
                or
                self.args[1].assumptions0.get("above_fermi")
                ) or False

    @property
    def is_only_below_fermi(self):
        """
        True if Delta is restricted to below fermi

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> q = Symbol('q')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, i).is_only_below_fermi
        True
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, q).is_only_below_fermi
        False
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, a).is_only_below_fermi
        False

        See Also
        ========

        is_above_fermi, is_below_fermi, is_only_above_fermi


        """
        return ( self.args[0].assumptions0.get("below_fermi")
                or
                self.args[1].assumptions0.get("below_fermi")
                ) or False

    @property
    def indices_contain_equal_information(self):
        """
        Returns True if indices are either both above or below fermi.

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> q = Symbol('q')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, q).indices_contain_equal_information
        True
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, q+1).indices_contain_equal_information
        True
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, p).indices_contain_equal_information
        False

        """
        if (self.args[0].assumptions0.get("below_fermi") and
                self.args[1].assumptions0.get("below_fermi")):
            return True
        if (self.args[0].assumptions0.get("above_fermi")
                and self.args[1].assumptions0.get("above_fermi")):
            return True

        # if both indices are general we are True, else false
        return self.is_below_fermi and self.is_above_fermi

    @property
    def preferred_index(self):
        """
        Returns the index which is preferred to keep in the final expression.

        The preferred index is the index with more information regarding fermi
        level.  If indices contain same information, 'a' is preferred before
        'b'.

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> j = Symbol('j', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, i).preferred_index
        i
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, a).preferred_index
        a
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, j).preferred_index
        i

        See Also
        ========

        killable_index

        """
        if self._get_preferred_index():
            return self.args[1]
        else:
            return self.args[0]

    @property
    def killable_index(self):
        """
        Returns the index which is preferred to substitute in the final
        expression.

        The index to substitute is the index with less information regarding
        fermi level.  If indices contain same information, 'a' is preferred
        before 'b'.

        Examples
        ========

        >>> from sympy.functions.special.tensor_functions import KroneckerDelta
        >>> from sympy import Symbol
        >>> a = Symbol('a', above_fermi=True)
        >>> i = Symbol('i', below_fermi=True)
        >>> j = Symbol('j', below_fermi=True)
        >>> p = Symbol('p')
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, i).killable_index
        p
        >>> KroneckerDelta(p, a).killable_index
        p
        >>> KroneckerDelta(i, j).killable_index
        j

        See Also
        ========

        preferred_index

        """
        if self._get_preferred_index():
            return self.args[0]
        else:
            return self.args[1]

    def _get_preferred_index(self):
        """
        Returns the index which is preferred to keep in the final expression.

        The preferred index is the index with more information regarding fermi
        level.  If indices contain same information, index 0 is returned.
        """
        if not self.is_above_fermi:
            if self.args[0].assumptions0.get("below_fermi"):
                return 0
            else:
                return 1
        elif not self.is_below_fermi:
            if self.args[0].assumptions0.get("above_fermi"):
                return 0
            else:
                return 1
        else:
            return 0

    @staticmethod
    def _latex_no_arg(printer):
        return r'\delta'
