MedVLSynther/MedVLSynther-3B-RL_5K_no-verify
4B • Updated • 4
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In the image of the mandible, the needle tip is positioned for an anterior inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Which labeled structure is the needle tip closest to? | {"A": "Neck of condyle (NC)", "B": "Coronoid process (CP)", "C": "Lingula (L)", "D": "Mandibular foramen", "E": "Mental foramen"} | C | Lingula (L) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 0 | null | |||
Which microstructural feature is most likely to compromise the mechanical strength and long-term durability of the alkali-activated mortar samples shown? | {"A": "Presence of microcracks", "B": "Homogeneous and dense microstructure", "C": "Increased unreacted GGBFS particles", "D": "Better dispersion of wood ash", "E": "Increased wood ash ratio"} | A | Presence of microcracks | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 1 | null | |||
A 68-year-old woman presents with a vegetative, ulcerated lesion on the right plantar region that developed after trauma from sandals. Dermoscopy of the non-ulcerated component reveals round-to-oval pink-white structureless areas with a white-to-pink halo and polymorphous vessels, including coiled and branched vessels with rounded endings. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these findings? | {"A": "Basal cell carcinoma", "B": "Porocarcinoma", "C": "Squamous cell carcinoma", "D": "Melanoma", "E": "Keratoacanthoma"} | B | Porocarcinoma | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 2 | null | |||
Which structure is evaluated in this brain MRI sequence? | {"A": "Lateral ventricles", "B": "Cerebellum", "C": "Basal ganglia", "D": "Sinus caverneux", "E": "Corpus callosum"} | D | Sinus caverneux | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 3 | null | |||
Which treatment group demonstrated the most significant tumor growth inhibition and survival benefit in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice? | {"A": "PBS control", "B": "MSN-trans-2 without irradiation", "C": "MSN-trans-2 with irradiation", "D": "MSN-Gd-trans-2 without irradiation", "E": "MSN-Gd-trans-2 with irradiation"} | E | MSN-Gd-trans-2 with irradiation | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 4 | null | |||
Which finding is present in the axial CT images of the chest? | {"A": "Unilateral ground-glass opacities in upper lobes", "B": "Bilateral ground-glass opacities in lower lobes with rounded morphology", "C": "Bilateral consolidation in lower lobes", "D": "Unilateral nodules in upper lobes", "E": "Bilateral pleural effusions"} | B | Bilateral ground-glass opacities in lower lobes with rounded morphology | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 5 | null | |||
Which endoscopic finding is most consistent with a poorly cohesive carcinoma in the gastric body? | {"A": "Whitish-raised lesion in the gastric angle", "B": "Erythematous depressed lesion with a nodule at the margins in the gastric body", "C": "Flat lesion in the lesser curvature of the antrum", "D": "Intramucosal differentiated adenocarcinoma in the gastric angle", "E": "Signet ring cell component invading the deep submucosa"} | B | Erythematous depressed lesion with a nodule at the margins in the gastric body | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 6 | null | |||
Which postoperative finding is observed at three months in the surgical site shown? | {"A": "Vascularization into the surgical site", "B": "Total re-epithelialization with no aqueous leak", "C": "Presence of amniotic membrane layer", "D": "Scleral fistula visible", "E": "Autologous Tenon's graft sutured"} | A | Vascularization into the surgical site | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 7 | null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the image showing the scalp 170 days after treatment? | {"A": "Complete resolution of the lesion", "B": "New-onset erythema", "C": "Persistent hyperpigmentation", "D": "Scarring alopecia", "E": "Cystic lesion formation"} | C | Persistent hyperpigmentation | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 8 | null | |||
Which radiographic view best demonstrates the short oblique type of periprosthetic fracture in this shoulder arthroplasty case? | {"A": "Anterior to posterior (AP) view", "B": "Outlet view", "C": "Lateral view", "D": "Scapular Y-view", "E": "Axillary view"} | D | Scapular Y-view | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 9 | null | |||
What procedure is being performed in the image? | {"A": "Pocket depth measurement", "B": "Tooth extraction", "C": "Dental restoration placement", "D": "Root canal therapy", "E": "Orthodontic bracket adjustment"} | A | Pocket depth measurement | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 10 | null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the trans-vaginal ultrasound images? | {"A": "Positive color-Doppler signal in the endometrium", "B": "Myometrial invasion with free myometrium of 8.80 mm", "C": "Irregularly thickened remnant endometrium", "D": "Endometrial mass with vascular flow on Doppler", "E": "Endometrial thickness of 4.5 mm in the middle third of the uterine cavity"} | E | Endometrial thickness of 4.5 mm in the middle third of the uterine cavity | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 11 | null | |||
Which adduct shows the longest duration of fluoride ion remaining in the productive position within the BChE active site? | {"A": "Ad1", "B": "Ad10", "C": "Ad2", "D": "Ad6", "E": "Ad9"} | B | Ad10 | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 12 | null | |||
Which statement best describes the function of the instruments shown in the image? | {"A": "They are manual surgical instruments requiring direct hand contact with tissue", "B": "They are used for non-surgical diagnostic imaging procedures", "C": "They provide tactile feedback to the surgeon during operations", "D": "They are disposable single-use instruments for minimally invasive surgery", "E": "They translate surgeon hand movements into precise robotic instrument actions"} | E | They translate surgeon hand movements into precise robotic instrument actions | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 13 | null | |||
In the control subjects, which region shows activation during the 'IMAGE TO IMITATE' condition that is not evident during the 'OBSERVE' condition? | {"A": "Anterior left supplementary motor area (SMA)", "B": "Bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)", "C": "Posterior left supplementary motor area (SMA)", "D": "Bilateral parietal opercula", "E": "Left medial area 6"} | C | Posterior left supplementary motor area (SMA) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 14 | null | |||
Which comparison group shows the most extensive cortical thinning in the frontal, temporal, and posterior parietal regions? | {"A": "Control vs moderate Parkinson's disease (MPD)", "B": "MPD vs PDD", "C": "Control vs healthy elderly", "D": "Control vs Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD)", "E": "MPD vs healthy elderly"} | D | Control vs Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 15 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the rash shown in the image? | {"A": "Persistent, papular, violaceous rash", "B": "Fixed, nodular, hyperpigmented rash", "C": "Pruritic, vesicular, erythematous rash", "D": "Scaly, lichenified, erythematous rash", "E": "Evanescent, macular, erythematous (salmon-pink) rash"} | E | Evanescent, macular, erythematous (salmon-pink) rash | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 16 | null | |||
Which material was used to fabricate the dental veneers shown in the image? | {"A": "Zirconia", "B": "Porcelain-fused-to-metal", "C": "Composite resin", "D": "Acrylic", "E": "Lithium disilicate"} | E | Lithium disilicate | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 17 | null | |||
Which intraoperative finding is depicted in the images? | {"A": "Appendiceal mucocele", "B": "Ileo-colic intussusception with cecal duplication", "C": "Meckel's diverticulum", "D": "Intestinal volvulus", "E": "Colonic adenocarcinoma"} | B | Ileo-colic intussusception with cecal duplication | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 18 | null | |||
Which of the following is the most likely location of the foreign body seen in this bronchoscopic image? | {"A": "Trachea", "B": "Left main bronchus", "C": "Left lower lobe basal subsegment", "D": "Right upper lobe", "E": "Right middle lobe"} | C | Left lower lobe basal subsegment | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 19 | null | |||
Which histological feature is most characteristic of the umbilical cord tumor shown? | {"A": "Small anastomosing vascular structures surrounded by myxoid degeneration", "B": "Dense fibrous stroma with scattered inflammatory cells", "C": "Large, thick-walled vessels with smooth muscle hyperplasia", "D": "Sheets of polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm", "E": "Lobules of mature adipocytes with fibrous septa"} | A | Small anastomosing vascular structures surrounded by myxoid degeneration | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 20 | null | |||
Which abnormality is indicated by the arrow in the cornea? | {"A": "Corneal ulcer", "B": "Corneal dystrophy", "C": "Corneal foreign body", "D": "Corneal neovascularization", "E": "Krukenberg spindle"} | E | Krukenberg spindle | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 21 | null | |||
Which image depicts the epidural space after saline evacuation during biportal endoscopic spinal surgery? | {"A": "Surgical field with instruments and hemostatic agent application", "B": "Epidural space with thrombin-containing local hemostatic agent", "C": "Epidural space with active bleeding", "D": "Epidural space with visible saline", "E": "Surgical field with saline infusion"} | D | Epidural space with visible saline | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 22 | null | |||
Which of the following is the most likely role of the organisms circled in the image? | {"A": "Intermediate host for a parasitic trematode", "B": "Primary host for a bacterial pathogen", "C": "Vector for a viral disease", "D": "Reservoir for a fungal infection", "E": "Direct cause of human gastrointestinal illness"} | A | Intermediate host for a parasitic trematode | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 23 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the abnormality shown in this cardiac imaging study? | {"A": "Right ventricular stress-induced perfusion defect", "B": "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "C": "Aortic valve stenosis", "D": "Mitral valve regurgitation", "E": "Coronary artery aneurysm"} | A | Right ventricular stress-induced perfusion defect | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 24 | null | |||
In this transthoracic echocardiogram of an infant, which structure is labeled as the prominent crista terminalis? | {"A": "Right Ventricle (RV)", "B": "Prominent Crista Terminalis (PCT)", "C": "Left Ventricle (LV)", "D": "Right Atrium (RA)", "E": "Left Atrium (LA)"} | B | Prominent Crista Terminalis (PCT) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 25 | null | |||
A 67-year-old patient presents with transient confusion and amnesia. Initial vitals show a heart rate of 99 bpm, blood pressure of 124/82 mmHg, and SpO2 of 99%. The patient is alert and oriented without neurologic deficits after the event. Which ECG finding is most consistent with the initial presentation? | {"A": "Normal sinus rhythm", "B": "Sinus bradycardia", "C": "Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response", "D": "Ventricular tachycardia", "E": "Complete heart block"} | C | Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 26 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the clinical finding in the image? | {"A": "A well-settled flap at 10 months follow-up", "B": "An acute inflammatory lesion with purulent exudate", "C": "A malignant neoplasm with irregular borders", "D": "A congenital malformation of the oral mucosa", "E": "A traumatic ulcer with surrounding erythema"} | A | A well-settled flap at 10 months follow-up | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 27 | null | |||
Which subregion of the globus pallidus is primarily involved in motor function regulation? | {"A": "Left anterior globus pallidus", "B": "Left posterior globus pallidus", "C": "Right anterior globus pallidus", "D": "Right posterior globus pallidus", "E": "Bilateral medial globus pallidus"} | B | Left posterior globus pallidus | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 28 | null | |||
Based on the diagram, which tumor type is shown to have a direct effect on apoptosis and growth rate when exposed to Zika virus? | {"A": "Glioblastoma (GBM)", "B": "Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET)", "C": "Other neuroendocrine tumors", "D": "Neural stem cells", "E": "All tumor types"} | A | Glioblastoma (GBM) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 29 | null | |||
This dental impression is used to create a prosthesis for which of the following purposes? | {"A": "To fabricate a fixed dental bridge", "B": "To fabricate a removable partial denture", "C": "To fabricate an orthodontic retainer", "D": "To fabricate a complete denture", "E": "To fabricate a dental implant abutment"} | D | To fabricate a complete denture | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 30 | null | |||
Which endoscopic procedure is depicted in the images? | {"A": "Gastroscopy with biopsy", "B": "Colonoscopy", "C": "Esophageal dilatation", "D": "Bronchoscopy", "E": "ERCP"} | C | Esophageal dilatation | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 31 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the red circles in Figure B? | {"A": "Indicate areas of perfect alignment between the reconstruction and reference", "B": "Highlight regions of highest fluorescence intensity", "C": "Denote synaptic connections between neurons", "D": "Show locations of manual annotation points", "E": "Mark potential errors in the neuronal reconstruction"} | E | Mark potential errors in the neuronal reconstruction | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 32 | null | |||
Which abnormality is most prominently demonstrated in the lower limbs shown? | {"A": "Joint swelling with fixed flexion deformity", "B": "Joint effusion with normal limb alignment", "C": "Muscle atrophy without joint involvement", "D": "Skin ulceration with vascular insufficiency", "E": "Edema with pitting response"} | A | Joint swelling with fixed flexion deformity | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 33 | null | |||
Which artifact is demonstrated in the ultrasound images? | {"A": "Reverberation artifact", "B": "Mirror artifact", "C": "Acoustic shadowing", "D": "Side lobe artifact", "E": "Attenuation artifact"} | B | Mirror artifact | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 34 | null | |||
Which protocol shows the most pronounced heart rate variability during exercise intervals? | {"A": "Body weight-60:60", "B": "Ergometer-60:60", "C": "Social Media-20:10", "D": "Social Media-40:20", "E": "All protocols show similar variability"} | B | Ergometer-60:60 | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 35 | null | |||
Which spinal region is being manipulated in the image? | {"A": "Cervical spine", "B": "Lumbar spine", "C": "Sacral spine", "D": "Coccygeal spine", "E": "Thoracic spine"} | E | Thoracic spine | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 36 | null | |||
Which structure is being manipulated in this intraoperative image? | {"A": "Gallbladder", "B": "Pancreas", "C": "Bile duct", "D": "Liver", "E": "Stomach"} | C | Bile duct | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 37 | null | |||
Which structure is being occluded by the titanium screw in the image? | {"A": "Maxillary sinus membrane", "B": "Inferior alveolar nerve", "C": "Posterior superior alveolar artery", "D": "Mental foramen", "E": "Incisive canal"} | C | Posterior superior alveolar artery | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 38 | null | |||
Which abnormality is detected in the echocardiogram shown? | {"A": "Left coronary artery aneurysm", "B": "Left ventricular hypertrophy", "C": "Right coronary artery aneurysm", "D": "Pericardial effusion", "E": "Aortic valve stenosis"} | C | Right coronary artery aneurysm | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 39 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the clinical finding in the access opening for pulpotomy procedure 36? | {"A": "Pulpal hemorrhage with exposed pulp tissue", "B": "Intact pulp chamber with no visible hemorrhage", "C": "Complete absence of pulp tissue", "D": "Pulp chamber filled with inert material", "E": "Pulpal necrosis with black discoloration"} | A | Pulpal hemorrhage with exposed pulp tissue | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 40 | null | |||
Which condition is most consistent with the absence of teeth in the lower jaw as shown? | {"A": "Partial anodontia of the maxillary arch", "B": "Dental hypoplasia of the mandibular arch", "C": "Ectodermal dysplasia affecting the maxillary arch", "D": "Traumatic tooth loss in the mandibular arch", "E": "Complete anodontia of the mandibular arch"} | E | Complete anodontia of the mandibular arch | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 41 | null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the laryngeal posterior wall as shown in the image? | {"A": "Subglottic stenosis", "B": "Laryngeal papilloma", "C": "Reinke's edema", "D": "Vocal cord polyp", "E": "Laryngeal cyst"} | D | Vocal cord polyp | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 42 | null | |||
Which treatment group shows the most significant reduction in myocardial infarct size compared to the model group, as indicated by the TTC staining and quantitative analysis? | {"A": "Sham operation", "B": "Quercetin 15 mg/kg-model", "C": "Aspirin 47 mg/kg-model", "D": "Fisetin 45 mg/kg-model", "E": "Fisetin 15 mg/kg-model"} | D | Fisetin 45 mg/kg-model | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 43 | null | |||
Which imaging modality is most likely to demonstrate the contrast leak into the airways as shown in the oesophagogram? | {"A": "Chest radiograph", "B": "Computed tomography (CT) scan", "C": "Bronchoscopy", "D": "Upper endoscopy", "E": "Oesophagogram"} | E | Oesophagogram | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 44 | null | |||
Which finding is most prominently demonstrated in the pre-surgery 99mTc HYNIC-TOC images (a) compared to post-surgery images (b)? | {"A": "Increased radiotracer uptake in the thyroid gland", "B": "Decreased radiotracer uptake in the submandibular glands", "C": "High abnormal bilateral mammary periprosthetic distribution of radiotracer", "D": "Complete resolution of radiotracer uptake in all glands", "E": "Increased radiotracer uptake in the lungs"} | C | High abnormal bilateral mammary periprosthetic distribution of radiotracer | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 45 | null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the arthroscopic image of an acetabular fracture? | {"A": "Disrupted articular surface with exposed subchondral bone and hemorrhage", "B": "Intact articular cartilage with no visible fracture", "C": "Loose intra-articular body without fracture line", "D": "Chronic osteophyte formation with smooth margins", "E": "Intact labrum with no adjacent bone injury"} | A | Disrupted articular surface with exposed subchondral bone and hemorrhage | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 46 | null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the left eye based on the slit-lamp biomicroscopy image? | {"A": "Normal corneal appearance with no abnormalities", "B": "Posterior embryotoxon affecting the corneal periphery", "C": "Corneal ulcer with central opacification", "D": "Corneal neovascularization with vascularization", "E": "Corneal dystrophy with stromal haze"} | B | Posterior embryotoxon affecting the corneal periphery | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 47 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the lesion shown in the image? | {"A": "An exulceration covered with brownish crusts", "B": "A superficial abrasion with minimal tissue loss", "C": "A deep ulcer with exposed muscle", "D": "A vesicular rash with clear fluid", "E": "A hyperpigmented macule without crust"} | A | An exulceration covered with brownish crusts | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 48 | null | |||
Which abnormality is observed in the klf17-deficient zebrafish embryos compared to the wild-type? | {"A": "Presence of hatching gland cells in the pericardial region", "B": "Increased cytoplasmic granules in the hatching gland cells", "C": "Ectopic expression of Cathepsin L 1b in the enveloping layer", "D": "Loss of hatching gland cells in the pericardial region", "E": "Normal development of the polster structure"} | D | Loss of hatching gland cells in the pericardial region | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 49 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the surgical procedure performed on the patient's lower limb? | {"A": "Below-knee amputation", "B": "Above-knee amputation", "C": "Ankle disarticulation", "D": "Toe amputation", "E": "Foot reconstruction"} | A | Below-knee amputation | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 50 | null | |||
Which abnormality is demonstrated in this transthoracic echocardiogram four-chamber view? | {"A": "Mitral valve prolapse", "B": "Pericardial effusion", "C": "Aortic valve vegetation", "D": "Ventricular septal defect", "E": "Atrial septal aneurysm"} | C | Aortic valve vegetation | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 51 | null | |||
Which stance is more challenging for maintaining balance? | {"A": "Comfortable position", "B": "Standing Romberg test with eyes closed", "C": "Static balance with eyes open", "D": "Anatomical position with arms at sides", "E": "Tandem stance"} | E | Tandem stance | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 52 | null | |||
Which abnormality is most consistent with the endoscopic findings shown? | {"A": "Subglottic stenosis", "B": "Tracheal diverticulum", "C": "Vocal cord paralysis", "D": "Laryngeal papillomatosis", "E": "Epiglottitis"} | A | Subglottic stenosis | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 53 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the primary imaging modality used in this set of breast images? | {"A": "Ultrasound", "B": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)", "C": "Mammography", "D": "Computed Tomography (CT)", "E": "Positron Emission Tomography (PET)"} | C | Mammography | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 54 | null | |||
A 52-year-old woman has a focal asymmetry identified on screening mammography in the anterior 1/3 of the right breast. Which imaging modality best explains the discrepancy between the initial mammographic finding and the absence of a suspicious lesion on CBBCT? | {"A": "Mammography", "B": "CBBCT", "C": "Stereotactic biopsy", "D": "Summation artifact", "E": "Fibrocystic changes"} | D | Summation artifact | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 55 | null | |||
Which material shows higher von Mises stress in the mucosa under unilateral force in the normal-density model? | {"A": "PEEK shows higher stress in the mucosa", "B": "Titanium shows higher stress in the mucosa", "C": "Both materials show equal stress in the mucosa", "D": "Neither material shows significant stress in the mucosa", "E": "Stress in the mucosa is not affected by material choice"} | A | PEEK shows higher stress in the mucosa | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 56 | null | |||
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by the heart chambers being filled with blood, as depicted in the diastole-labeled images (a-c)? | {"A": "Diastole", "B": "Systole", "C": "Isovolumetric contraction", "D": "Isovolumetric relaxation", "E": "Ejection phase"} | A | Diastole | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 57 | null | |||
Which brain region shows the highest relative frequency of damage in patients with spatial neglect compared to control patients without spatial neglect? | {"A": "Insula and underlying white matter", "B": "Posterior temporal and inferior parietal cortex", "C": "Frontal lobe white matter", "D": "Primary motor cortex", "E": "Temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and surrounding regions"} | E | Temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and surrounding regions | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 58 | null | |||
Based on the colposcopic images, which film type was retained in the vaginal compartment for the longest duration? | {"A": "Quick-dissolving film, retained until Day 7", "B": "Bioadhesive film, retained until Day 4", "C": "Bioadhesive film, retained until Day 7", "D": "Quick-dissolving film, retained until Day 4", "E": "Both films were retained until Day 7"} | C | Bioadhesive film, retained until Day 7 | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 59 | null | |||
In chronic heroin users, which brain region shows increased activation when exposed to heroin-related cues compared to neutral cues? | {"A": "Anterior cingulate cortex", "B": "Prefrontal cortex", "C": "Occipital cortex", "D": "Cerebellum", "E": "Temporal cortex"} | A | Anterior cingulate cortex | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 60 | null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the left eye? | {"A": "Corneal ulcer without hypopyon", "B": "Conjunctival hemorrhage", "C": "Cataract", "D": "Retinal detachment", "E": "Hypopyon with keratitis"} | E | Hypopyon with keratitis | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 61 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the object shown in the images? | {"A": "A surgical staple used for tissue approximation", "B": "A metallic foreign body removed from a body cavity", "C": "A suture needle used for wound closure", "D": "A guidewire for vascular catheterization", "E": "A biopsy forceps tip for tissue sampling"} | B | A metallic foreign body removed from a body cavity | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 62 | null | |||
Which of the following is a key finding on the preoperative EKG shown? | {"A": "Left bundle branch block", "B": "Normal sinus rhythm", "C": "ST-segment elevation in leads V2-V4", "D": "Complete heart block", "E": "Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response"} | B | Normal sinus rhythm | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 63 | null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the cornea of this patient? | {"A": "Corneal ulcer", "B": "Corneal dystrophy", "C": "Corneal foreign body", "D": "Corneal neovascularization", "E": "Corneal opacity"} | D | Corneal neovascularization | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 64 | null | |||
Which vascular abnormality is indicated by the arrow in the ileum? | {"A": "Arteriovenous malformation", "B": "Hemangioma", "C": "Varix", "D": "Venous thrombosis", "E": "Lymphatic cyst"} | C | Varix | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 65 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the virtual teeth model shown in the image? | {"A": "To demonstrate normal occlusal relationships for surgical planning", "B": "To identify carious lesions in the mandibular teeth", "C": "To measure the volume of the maxillary sinus", "D": "To evaluate periodontal bone loss around the teeth", "E": "To assess the alignment of dental implants in the maxilla"} | A | To demonstrate normal occlusal relationships for surgical planning | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 66 | null | |||
Which lung shows complete inflation on this chest radiograph? | {"A": "Right lung", "B": "Left lung", "C": "Both lungs", "D": "Neither lung", "E": "Upper lobes only"} | B | Left lung | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 67 | null | |||
Which imaging finding is most consistent with the described breast pathology in this patient? | {"A": "Amorphous calcification with architectural distortion on conventional mammography", "B": "Smooth, well-circumscribed mass on ultrasound", "C": "Diffuse microcalcifications without associated distortion", "D": "No abnormal enhancement in the upper outer quadrant", "E": "Severe patchy enhancement on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography"} | E | Severe patchy enhancement on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 68 | null | |||
Which of the following best describes the medication shown in the image? | {"A": "A single large tablet for hypertension", "B": "A liquid medication for hypertension", "C": "A single small tablet for hypertension", "D": "A combination of a tablet and a capsule for hypertension", "E": "Two tablets of different sizes for hypertension"} | E | Two tablets of different sizes for hypertension | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 69 | null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the cornea? | {"A": "Corneal ulcer", "B": "Pterygium", "C": "Pinguecula", "D": "Corneal dystrophy", "E": "Hypopyon"} | E | Hypopyon | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 70 | null | |||
Which finding is most consistent with the clinical presentation of recurrent intraocular inflammation in this patient? | {"A": "Hypopyon in the anterior chamber", "B": "Corneal stromal infiltrates", "C": "Iris neovascularization", "D": "Choroidal detachment", "E": "Fibrinous exudation without hypopyon"} | E | Fibrinous exudation without hypopyon | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 71 | null | |||
Which abnormality is demonstrated in the temporal bone CT scans? | {"A": "Right otic capsule involvement", "B": "Right cochlear fracture", "C": "Left otic capsule violation", "D": "Left cochlear fracture", "E": "Bilateral mastoid air cell opacification"} | C | Left otic capsule violation | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 72 | null | |||
Which elastography pattern is characterized by a dominant blue color in the lymph node? | {"A": "Type 1: dominant colors green, yellow, or red", "B": "Type 2: part blue, part green/yellow/red", "C": "Type 1: dominant colors blue, green, or red", "D": "Type 3: dominant color blue", "E": "Type 2: dominant color blue"} | D | Type 3: dominant color blue | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 73 | null | |||
Which dental restoration is most consistent with the image showing definitive restoration after permanent cementation? | {"A": "Amalgam filling", "B": "Dental implant", "C": "Veneer", "D": "Full-coverage crown", "E": "Partial denture"} | D | Full-coverage crown | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 74 | null | |||
Which component of the system is primarily responsible for providing physical support and stabilization to the patient's limb during the procedure? | {"A": "The robotic arm", "B": "The green-lit base unit", "C": "The white padded surface", "D": "The wheeled bed frame", "E": "The blue orthopedic brace"} | E | The blue orthopedic brace | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 75 | null | |||
Which abnormality is present in the right breast on this mammogram? | {"A": "Benign cyst", "B": "Fibroadenoma", "C": "Malignant mass", "D": "Lipoma", "E": "Normal breast tissue"} | C | Malignant mass | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 76 | null | |||
Which imaging finding is most characteristic of isolated polycystic liver disease (PCLD)? | {"A": "Large cysts originating from peripheral bile ducts", "B": "Co-occurrence of polycystic kidneys", "C": "Small-sized hepatic cysts in Von Meyenburg complexes", "D": "Diffuse cystic changes involving the entire liver parenchyma", "E": "Multiple cysts arising from medium-sized bile ducts"} | E | Multiple cysts arising from medium-sized bile ducts | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 77 | null | |||
Which imaging modality is used to evaluate the fibrocystic changes shown in the image? | {"A": "Ultrasound", "B": "Mammography", "C": "MRI", "D": "CT scan", "E": "PET scan"} | A | Ultrasound | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 78 | null | |||
Which image shows reduced chondroitin 4-O-sulfate (C4S) immunoreactivity in the spinal cord after ARSB treatment? | {"A": "Image A (control, buffer-treated)", "B": "Image C (high-magnification control)", "C": "Image D (high-magnification ARSB-treated)", "D": "Image B (ARSB-treated)", "E": "Both images A and C"} | D | Image B (ARSB-treated) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 79 | null | |||
Which symptom is associated with thalamic infarction lesions located in the rostral portions of the left thalamus? | {"A": "Hemisensory deficit", "B": "Hemiparesis", "C": "Dysarthria", "D": "Aphasia", "E": "Ataxia"} | D | Aphasia | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 80 | null | |||
Which anatomical structure is most prominently visible in the 3D cadaveric view of the sphenoid sinus? | {"A": "Optic chiasm", "B": "Maxillary sinus", "C": "Frontal sinus", "D": "Ethmoid sinus", "E": "Pituitary gland"} | E | Pituitary gland | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 81 | null | |||
Based on the postoperative MRI findings, what is the classification of the rotator cuff repair? | {"A": "Partially failed", "B": "Failed", "C": "Supraspinatus atrophy grade III", "D": "Goutallier index grade III", "E": "Intact"} | E | Intact | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 82 | null | |||
Which ECG pattern is consistent with the clinical findings in this patient? | {"A": "S1Q3T3 pattern", "B": "ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF", "C": "Deep T-wave inversions in precordial leads", "D": "Prolonged QT interval", "E": "Left bundle branch block"} | A | S1Q3T3 pattern | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 83 | null | |||
Which mammographic finding is most consistent with the described lesion in the left breast? | {"A": "A well-circumscribed mass with no associated calcifications", "B": "Diffuse parenchymal asymmetry without focal lesions", "C": "Multiple clustered calcifications in the right breast", "D": "A lobulated lesion with surrounding microcalcifications", "E": "A spiculated mass with architectural distortion"} | D | A lobulated lesion with surrounding microcalcifications | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 84 | null | |||
Which brain region shows decreased gray matter density in MA-dependent participants compared to controls, as indicated by the FSL-VBM results? | {"A": "Right superior frontal gyrus", "B": "Left superior frontal gyrus", "C": "Right precentral gyrus", "D": "Right putamen", "E": "Left putamen"} | B | Left superior frontal gyrus | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 85 | null | |||
Which mammographic finding is most consistent with the described abnormalities in the left breast? | {"A": "Irregular pleomorphic calcifications", "B": "Well-circumscribed mass", "C": "Architectural distortion", "D": "Simple cyst", "E": "Fibroadenoma"} | A | Irregular pleomorphic calcifications | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 86 | null | |||
Which abnormality is demonstrated in this bronchoscopic image? | {"A": "Tracheal stenosis", "B": "Lobar atelectasis", "C": "Bronchial fistula at the carina", "D": "Endobronchial tumor", "E": "Mucosal inflammation"} | C | Bronchial fistula at the carina | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 87 | null | |||
Which radiographic sign is classically associated with the pneumonia shown in this chest X-ray? | {"A": "Cavitation within the lung parenchyma", "B": "Pleural effusion along the costophrenic angle", "C": "Hilar lymphadenopathy", "D": "Bulging of the transverse fissure", "E": "Pneumothorax with lung collapse"} | D | Bulging of the transverse fissure | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 88 | null | |||
Which echocardiographic finding is most consistent with the initial presentation shown in images A and B? | {"A": "Apical ballooning during systole", "B": "Normal apical contractility", "C": "Global left ventricular hypokinesis", "D": "Apical ballooning during diastole", "E": "Right ventricular dilation"} | D | Apical ballooning during diastole | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 89 | null | |||
Which clinical finding is most consistent with endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess? | {"A": "Severe panophthalmitis with no history of ocular trauma or surgery", "B": "Hypopyon with lens opacity and vitreous opacity", "C": "Bilateral endophthalmitis resolving after systemic antibiotics and intravitreal ceftazidime", "D": "Ocular inflammation resolving after vitrectomy, cataract extraction, and intravitreal antibiotics", "E": "Papillary hypopyon"} | E | Papillary hypopyon | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 90 | null | |||
Which item is most likely the foreign body shown in the image? | {"A": "Curved enucleation scissors", "B": "Resected ocular globe", "C": "Linear foreign body with attached thread", "D": "Surgical clamp", "E": "Tissue sample"} | C | Linear foreign body with attached thread | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 91 | null | |||
A 9-day-old infant undergoes a water-soluble contrast enema. The image shows a microcolon and multiple dilated small bowel loops. Which finding is most consistent with the imaging and clinical context? | {"A": "Microcolon with no reflux into the distal ileum", "B": "Normal colonic size with reflux into the distal ileum", "C": "Dilated colon with multiple intraluminal filling defects", "D": "Normal small bowel caliber with no abdominal distension", "E": "Colonic atresia with proximal bowel dilation"} | A | Microcolon with no reflux into the distal ileum | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 92 | null | |||
Which brain region shows activity associated with the likelihood of making a proposal during a self-reward task? | {"A": "Posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC)", "B": "Right insula (rINS)", "C": "Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC)", "D": "Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)", "E": "Ventral anterior midcingulate cortex (vaMCC)"} | B | Right insula (rINS) | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 93 | null | |||
Which step in basic life support for an unresponsive infant is depicted in image D? | {"A": "Listen for breathing", "B": "Perform chest compression", "C": "Open mouth to clear foreign objects", "D": "Give rescue breaths", "E": "Perform back blows"} | C | Open mouth to clear foreign objects | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 94 | null | |||
Which method of medical ozone administration is depicted in image C? | {"A": "Lavage with ozonized solution", "B": "Plastic bag method", "C": "Perilesional subcutaneous infiltration method", "D": "Intravenous ozone infusion", "E": "Ozone gas insufflation"} | A | Lavage with ozonized solution | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 95 | null | |||
Which statement best describes the findings on this brain MRI? | {"A": "Acute intracranial hemorrhage is present", "B": "Diffuse cerebral atrophy is evident", "C": "Multiple enhancing lesions are visible", "D": "Significant mass effect is observed", "E": "No acute intracranial pathology is identified"} | E | No acute intracranial pathology is identified | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 96 | null | |||
The image displays a processed velocity field from micro-PIV measurements in a biological system. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the processing steps shown in the flowchart? | {"A": "To enhance spatial resolution of anatomical structures", "B": "To reduce noise in the velocity measurements", "C": "To synchronize the image acquisition with cardiac cycles", "D": "To visualize the anatomical structure of blood vessels", "E": "To correct for velocity underestimation due to depth of correlation effects"} | E | To correct for velocity underestimation due to depth of correlation effects | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 97 | null | |||
Which breast type is characterized by the highest proportion of fibroglandular tissue in the low-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography images? | {"A": "Glandular", "B": "Fatty", "C": "Mixed", "D": "Dense", "E": "Atrophic"} | A | Glandular | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 98 | null | |||
Which view best demonstrates the relationship between the maxilla and mandible in the sagittal plane? | {"A": "Frontal view", "B": "Frontal smile view", "C": "Three-quarter view", "D": "Intraoral view", "E": "Profile view"} | E | Profile view | biomedica_webdataset_glm_generated_glm_verified_VQA_parquet_25k_without_verifier_subset5k | 99 | null |
Code: https://github.com/UCSC-VLAA/MedVLSynther Project Page: https://ucsc-vlaa.github.io/MedVLSynther/
We release MedSynVQA and the subsets used in our paper. Each set targets medical vision–language QA and supports RLVR/SFT training.
| Dataset | Generator | Verifier | Modality | Description | Download |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MedSynVQA | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | Full training set for medical VQA (used for RLVR). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-10K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 10K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 5K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-2K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 2K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-1K | GLM-4.5V 108B | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | Image–Text | 1K-sample training subset for RLVR. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-qwen-glm | Qwen2.5-VL 72B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for generator and verifier choice ablation (GLM→Qwen generator, Qwen→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-internvl-glm | InternVL-3.5 38B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for generator choice ablation (InternVL→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-glm-glm | GLM-4.5V 108B | GLM-4.5V 108B | Image–Text | 5K subset for verifier choice ablation (Qwen→GLM verifier). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-no-verify | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset for verifier necessity ablation (no verification step). | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-PMC-style | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset generated with PMC-VQA–style prompts. | 🤗 HF |
| MedSynVQA-5K-SFT | GLM-4.5V 108B | N/A | Image–Text | 5K subset generated for SFT training. | 🤗 HF |
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load evaluation dataset
eval_dataset = load_dataset("UCSC-VLAA/MedVLThinker-Eval")
# Load training dataset
train_dataset = load_dataset("MedVLSynther/MedSynVQA-13K")
All train datasets follow a unified format:
{
"images": [PIL.Image], # List of images
"question": str, # Question text
"options": Dict[str, str], # Multiple choice options
"answer_label": str, # Correct answer label (A, B, C, D, E)
"answer": str, # Full answer text
"reasoning": str, # Chain-of-thought reasoning (optional)
"dataset_name": str, # Source dataset name
"dataset_index": int # Unique sample identifier
}